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| 2 divisions of Long Term Memory |
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| Declarative(explicit) and (Non-Declarative (implicit) |
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| 2 divisions of Declarative memory |
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| What happened at your last birthday party is an example of |
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| Declarative (episodic & semantic) Memory involves what brain structure? |
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| You know you live on planet Earth, but you don't know when you learned that you live on planet Earth. This is an example of |
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| 4 divisions of Non-declarative Memory |
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| Priming, Procedural, Associative Learning, Non-associative Learning |
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| stimulus 1 & 2 are the same, so your response is FAST. But if stimulus 1 &2 are different your response is SLOW. |
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| brain structures involved in Priming |
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| when you drive to school you don't acknowledge all the tiny steps, you just do it. ______ _____ explains this. |
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| Brain structures involved in Proceedural Memory |
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| Basal ganglia, Primary Motor Cortex, Cerebellum, Caudate |
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| Classical and Operational conditioning are 2 types of |
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| Brain structures involved in Associative learning |
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| 3 stages of Procedural Memory |
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| Cognitive, Associative, Autonomous |
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| Pavlov's dogs are an example of |
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| Associative learning (classical conditioning) |
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| habitualization and sensitization |
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| Your brother tries to make you jump by hiding around the corner. You jump at first, but over time, you don't jump when he pops out to scare you anymore. This is because of_______. |
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| If you continueto rub your arm in the same spot for a long time you'll experience heat, then pain, and you don't want to rub your arm anymore. This is explained by _______. |
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| non-associative learning engages ______ _____ in the brain |
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| 3 stages of memory processing |
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| Encoding, Consolidating, Retrieval |
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| process by which information is transformed into a memory representation |
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| important factor of Encoding. if divided = poor encoding. |
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| important factor of Encoding. the way information is processed... has 2 levels: shallow(perceptual) & deep(semantic) |
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| (cognitive effect of Encoding)... learning is better when we generate information form memory rather than someone telling us. This enhances encoding, attention, and elaboration. |
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| (cognitive effect of Encoding)... distributive study is better than cramming. enhances encoding. |
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| areas of the brain involved in Encoding |
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| medial temporal lobes and hippocampus (important for binding) |
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| process by which representations in memory become stable or "fixed" (but it takes some time) |
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| areas of the brain involved in Consolidating |
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| Medial Temporal Lobes (where is happens) and Cortical areas surrounding the Medial Temporal Cortex (where it's stored) |
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| Process by which information in the Long Term Memory is accessed |
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| (important factor of Retrieval)... any one feature is a link to the fully memory. you only need a detail or two to retrieve it. |
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| (important factor of Retrieval)... selection and representation of the cues that will be used to probe memory. if successful, this leads to Pattern Completion. |
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| (cognitive effect of Retrieval)... retrieval is better when physical environment at the time of retrieval and the time of encoding is the same. |
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| (cognitive effect of retrieval)... retrieval is better when your mood during encoding and retrieval are the same |
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| areas of the brain involved in Retrieval |
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| Medial Temporal Lobes and Hippocampus (pattern completion) and Frontal Lobes (strategic retrieval) |
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| this patient had bilateral medial temporal lobe removal in an attempt to stop his epileptic seizures |
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| H.M.'s deficits in ____ memory was due to medial temporal lobe damage |
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| H.M.'s case showed us that _____ memory remains intact after medial temporal lobe damage. |
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| inability to remember events BEFORE brain damage |
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| inability to remember information AFTER brain damage |
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| misattribution, biases, suggestion |
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| asking loaded questions or questions that contain false information can result in errors in answers. This is because of the error in remembering called ______. |
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| this error in remembering shows that we reconstruct our memories rather than reproduce them |
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| when you cannot remember the source of information, this error in remembering happens. EX: you tell your friend a joke you say you read int he paper, but your friend corrects you and says that he told you that joke. |
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| recalling the first items on a list |
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| recalling the last items on a list |
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| 2 mechanisms of forgetting |
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| )mechanism of forgetting)... when retrieval cue is associated with several memories, one is stronger and gets selected while the others with weaker associations are left out. |
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| (mechanism of forgetting)... the active weakening of a memory which occurs because the act of retrieval is competitive. |
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| blocking explains ___ forgetting the best |
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| suppression explains _____ forgetting the best |
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| when newly learnt information interferes with previously learnt information. EX: you know Spanish, but when you learn to speak Portuguese, you forget Spanish. |
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| previously learnt information interferes with newly learnt information. EX: knowing Spanish makes it difficult for you to learn Portuguese. |
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| as time between encoding and retrieval increases, the number of correctly recalled items decreases |
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| Ebbinghause's forgetting function |
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