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Cognitive Psyc Ch 3
pt 3 of review for exam 1 (ch 1-4)
29
Psychology
Undergraduate 4
12/13/2011

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Cards

Term
_____ = the process that, at a given moment, enhances some and inhibits other information
Definition
attention
Term
when talking about attention..._____ enables us to select some information for further processing
Definition
enhancement
Term
when talking about attention..._____enables us to set other information asid
Definition
inhibition
Term
____ prevents sensory overload and allows an organism to devote its processing resources to the
most relevant input at any given moment
Definition
attention
Term
Bottom-up attentional processing AKA ____ _____
Definition
Exogenous attention
Term
_________:
a) Involuntary, automatic capture of attention from outside
b) Very salient stimuli: Flashes, bright colors, loud yell etc
Definition
bottom-up processing (exogenous attention)
Term
Top-down attentional processing AKA ______ _______
Definition
Endogenous attention
Term
_______:
a) Guidance from within – guided search
b) Voluntary, flexible, dynamic
Definition
top-down processing (endogenous attention)
Term
Executive attention is directed to ____ and ______
Definition
internal events and processes
Term
When attention is directed to locations in space, processing of items at that location is enhanced = ______
Definition
space-based attention
Term
___attention: 2 or more sources: Poor info quality
Definition
divided attention
Term
____attention: Select one source of information from others; Good info quality
Definition
focused attention
Term
When attention is directed to objects, processing of all of their features is enhanced = ______
Definition
object-based attention
Term
(in space-based attention - a failure in selection)
_____ ____ =
-Failure to detect changes in the physical aspects of a scene
-Demonstrates that not all available information is attended to and represented, processed
Definition
change blindness
Term
Attention directed to moments in time = _____
Definition
temporal attention
Term
(failure in selection - temporal attention)
_____ ____ =
-Short period during which rapidly and serially presented incoming information is not registered
(T1-T2 100-500 ms)
-There are limitations on speed with which information can be processed in a temporal sequence
Definition
Attentional Blink (Shapiro)
Term
(failure in selection - temporal attention)
_____ ____ =
-Occurs when one of the pictures that is identical to another shown previously is missed
-Repeated pictures/words are integrated into one
Definition
Repetition Blindness (Kanwisher)
Term
____ ___ is a spatial attention deficit om which:
-Deficit in attention due to brain damage in which one entire half of the visual field is simply ignored
-Usu. due to damage to right parietal lobe, thus the contralateral visual field is ignored, rarely happens
with damage to left parietal lobe
Definition
Hemispatial Neglect
Term
The following are behavioral consequences of _____ ____:
-Read from middle of page
-Eat from right side of plate
-Draw right sides of objects
-When stimulation on left side only, can report stimulus
-Problematic when stimuli on L and R sides appear simultaneously or within a certain temporal window
Definition
Hemispatial Neglect
Term
____ is an object-based attention deficit describes as:
-Deficit due to brain damage in which the patient is unable to perceive more than one object at a time,
even when stimuli are presented in the same place
-Usu. symptom with Balint’s syndrome patients
-Bilateral occipito-parietal lesion
Definition
Simultagnosia
Term
the following is a behavioral result of ____:
2 colors can be IDed at the same time only when they are used to make up a single object
Definition
Simultagnosia
Term
___ __ ____: Restriction in amount of info that can be processed at once. Because of this certain critical mental operations have to be carried out sequentially rather than in
parallel
Definition
bottleneck in attention
Term
____ selection =

-Irrelevant messages are filtered out before sensory input is processed for semantics
- Dichotic listening
-However some info from unattended ear can still get through; usu. important, meaningful info
-Cocktail party effect
Definition
early selection
Term
____ selection =
Sensory input is processed for semantics and then selected by attentional filter
Definition
late selection
Term
the ___ model of attentions says:
attention is like a beam, enhancing processing of whatever falls within a spatial area that falls within the circumference of that beam
Definition
spotlight model of attention
Term
____ ____ theory says:
-There are mental maps for separate features
-To find a target defined by at least 2 features the maps for those features need to interact
-During very brief presentations illusory conjunctions can occur
Definition
feature integration theory
Term
2 people responsible for feature integration theory: ____ and ____
Definition
Treisman and Gelade
Term
____ and ___ came up with the idea of biased competition
Definition
Desimone and Duncan
Term
the idea of ____ ____ says:

 Since it is impossible to process all sensory info, there is competition among diff. inputs
 Selection of info is a result of competition
 Bottom up (sensory) and top down (goals, expectations) continuously interact
 Processing occurs through cooperative and competitive interactions among brain areas
 Competition among different inputs can take place at all stages of processing
Definition
biased competition
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