If you are staring at a person directly in the face and you need to look at the posterior portion of that person’s brain, 

you need to look at the ________ lobe

When we show that an activity affects one process but not another and a second activity has the reverse properties, 

this is a

 When people have difficulty making judgments about moving things, such as: “When will that moving car pass me?” 

They are suffering from damage to area ______ which results in ______

 Bottom-up processing is determined by information from the external environment, while top-down processing is 

guided by internal knowledge, beliefs, goals and expectations.  Which type of processing do we usually use

 At the art exhibit, you are viewing abstract drawings based on faces and objects. The processes for recognizing both 

groups are

 Conjoint feature search

Conjoint means related to or made up of

 During switching attention from the tour guide to the historical house being displayed behind him, your 

______________ is/are activated

 My  __________ attention was engaged while I was looking for a lost earring and when a door slammed downstairs,

my _________ attention became engaged

 A polka-dot shirt was placed in front of Patient X. The shirt had red circles and blue circles displayed in a random 

condition. When asked to identify the colors in the shirt Patient X said that there were only red polka-dots. Patient X

could be suffering from____________

 A person with __________ would read this headline

SPECTACULAR SUNSHINE REPLACES FLOODS IN SOUTHWEST   as   

FLOODS IN SOUTHWEST          or maybe       FLOODS IN              WEST

 Arnold Schwarznegger perceives a helicopter in front of him as he films the new movie  Predator 3. His occipital 

lobes in the dorsal area of the brain register a visual image. If Arnold’s brain had a tumor/or was damaged where the 

right occipital lobe is located, what would happen to the image size or the image of helicopter

 While driving to school on I-45, an accident causes a huge traffic jam.  Having a visual memory of a map of the area, 

you get off the freeway and navigate the side streets to get to school on time.  This knowledge is an example of 

which representational format

 A stimulus or a task facilitates processing(

 During an episode of “Law & Order” the suspect is asked “so when you crashed into the pole what happened?” 

rather than asking “What happened during the accident?” The detectives were using

 Think of your bedroom at home, tell me where your bed is and where other objects in your room are located.  If you 

can do this, you are relying on processing in the

 What process is being used when someone gives you directions to the restroom and you actually visualize turning on 

the next hallway and going to the third door on the left

Remembering a phone number between the time of hearing it and dialing it

 Figuring a tip out in your head

 Holding driving directions in mind, until seeing landmarks you’ve been told to watch for

 integrates and coordinates information processing

 determines which short term store is selected

 determines when information is processed

According to the Baddeley-Hitch model of working memory neuroimaging data supports that humans use 

___________ while monkeys use _____________

 Janelle was getting ready to baby-sit and just called the child’s mother to get the code for the apartment gate. While 

she was driving up to the gate she was internally repeating the code. This is an example of

 Jane was recently in a car accident. At the hospital she  is asked to do the Wisconsin  card sort. She had trouble 

completing the task because of her inability to change her sorting method. This involves an error in what executive 

function

 Dave is a Houston cougar and his girlfriend is a Rice Owl. To keep from making his girlfriend mad when Rice lost by 5 

touchdowns to Tulsa Dave decided to hold in his excitement. This is called ___

 Sometimes while on the job at Dairy King, Jimmy forgets to ask, “Do you want fries with that?” when customers 

order burgers. Some customers are surprised because of Jimmy doesn’t complete the

 Since the sixth grade, John has been unable to forget his humiliating fall off the stage in front of a large audience. 

Though there was very high ______ at the time, his feelings showed a very low amount of ____

 The dog collar that shoots out water only when the dog barks is used as a(n) ______ in order to keep it quiet when 

guests were around

 When walking home from school, as you step your foot into the street a huge truck is racing down the road, only 

seconds away from hitting you.  The next time you walk home, and step foot into the street, you feel uneasy and 

uncomfortable.  As you continue to  walk across that particular road, the uncomfortable feeling eventually goes 

away.  This is an example of what

 If a person chooses the certain gain of $50 instead of a chance at winning about $200 with a risk of getting nothing, 

that person is considered

 Pollsters are very careful with how they word their questions to respondents because the wording influences how 

the choice is made. What are the pollsters concerned with

 When asked which is a more likely cause of death, homicide or suicide, most people will answer homicide because 

it’s what our memory can recall hearing about the most by the media. This is an example of

I choose to get $10 today versus $20 in two weeks, but I choose to $20 in 3 weeks versus $10 in two weeks. This is 

an example of

 You are a manager for a retail store in the mall. The holiday season is approaching and you need to hire 3 more sales 

associates. You decide to interview applicants as they turn in their applications, and you hired the first 3 applicants 

that met the minimum criteria for the job. This is an example of

 When a conclusion is accepted valid because the premise and conclusion contain the same qualifier, such as “all, 

some or none,” this error in reasoning is called

All cocker spaniels are alive, all cocker spaniels are dogs, and therefore all dogs are alive. This is an example of what 

kind of syllogism.

 Bill is walking to his dorm after a late night study session. It is dark and mildly lit on the path he must go. A 

rollerblader equipped with reflective elbow and kneepads is in the far off distance. It is likely that

 Imagining the amount of time it will take you to walk from your bedroom to the kitchen is __________ the amount 

of time it will actually take you to walk from your bedroom to the kitchen

 It’s your birthday and your friends throw you a Mexican fiesta with a piñata.  Everyone gets in line to hit it and you 

are next.  While you wait your turn, you are most likely

 The bolded area of the following sentence is an example of what type of error regarding language processes? At 

school I tune to tend out my teacher during his lectures

 A study dealing with the reading comprehension level of college students found that the best method to ensure that 

difficult material that is read will be retained is

Networks between words

 Word meanings

 How and when words are used

Parietal

Frontal

Temporal

Occipital

Characteristics of the person that describe & explain consistent patterns of feeling, thinking, & behaving

 The stable differences between individuals

A.     Expressed in many ways

B.     A psychological concept

C.     Linked to biological characteristics of the person

D.     Organized

According to the text, there are ______ major levels of analysis in personality psychology.

Six

 Psychodynamic-Motivational

Trait-Dispositional

The privately experienced side of personality

How are important behavior patterns learned?

A.     Emotions

B.     Beliefs

C.     Motivations

Reliable (consistent)

Valid (accurate)

 Predict how people will behave

A measure that asks you to interpret an ambiguous inkblot would be a(n) ________ measure.

 Projective

a person’s level of arousal and reaction to stimuli

(fMRI)

(PET) scans

stable, dependable, replicable, generalizable

Reliable

a.Across time ÕTest-retest reliability (temporal reliability)

b.Across tests ÕParallel test reliability

c.Across items ÕInternal consistency

d.Across observers ÕInter-rater reliability

Naturalistic observation

Brain…cardiac

 Living being

Two

Decreases…increases

Trait theorists

 Using scores on an extraversion measure, a psychologist ranks 5 people from most extraverted to least extraverted.  This psychologists is treating extraversion as a(n):

Personality trait

Allport believed that _________ traits are the most generalized and pervasive.

Cardinal

Cattell

Eysenck postulated that ________ and ________ are two fundamental dimensions of personality.

Extraversion … neuroticism

Which of the following methodologies is a trait psychologist most likely to use?

Psychometric tests

Aggressiveness

Researchers have found that a person’s self-ratings on personality measures of “Big Five” traits can predict:

Ratings by friends and acquaintances who have been asked to describe the person

 Aggregate measures of the person’s behavior over time and across situations

Longitudinal research

Raymond B. Cattell

Hans J. Eysenck

Gordon Allport

Our intuitive belief that personality is consistent … the empirical evidence that behavior varies considerably across situations

Personality, situational factors

the tendency to focus on dispositions as causal explanations of behavior

types of people, situations, and behaviors

To make initial personnel screening decisions for a large applicant pool, it would be most useful to assess the applicants using

 Global trait measures

Interested in the conscious and easily accessible

Each person’s behavior is determined by a particular trait structure

„Openness to experience

the personality paradox

Types of Consistency

Type 1

Which of the following is a method used to evaluate the genetic component of personality

A.     Comparing the similarities between different sets of monozygotic twins

B.     Comparing the degree of difference between sets of dizygotic twins

C.     Comparing the differences between two dizygotic twins

D.     Comparing the degree of similarity between monozygotic twins with the degree of similarity between dizygotic twins

 Comparing the degree of similarity between monozygotic twins with the degree of similarity between dizygotic twins

  Which of the Big Five personality traits has been studied the most genetically?

A.     Extraversion

B.     Openness to experience

C.     Agreeableness

D.     Emotional stability

E.      A and D

 A and D

In the study of 800 adolescent twin pairs by Loehlin and Nichols, which characteristic seemed to be the most genetically influenced?

A.     Extraversion

B.     General abilities

C.     Ideals

D.     Special abilities

Personality scales

General abilities

1.      Temperamental ratings using methods other than self-report seem to _______ the belief that temperaments are largely influenced by genes.

A.     Refute

B.     Somewhat contradict

C.     Lend support to

D.     Wholly confirm

E.      Neither support nor refute

  Lend support to

Some researchers compare identical twins raised together to identical twins raised apart.  This is done in order to:

The heritability index:

Depends on the variability within the environment being measured

Researchers found that identical twins raised apart are _________ compared to identical twins raised together.

Only slightly less similar to one another

   _________ can be diagnosed right after birth, decreasing the probability of development of mental retardation.

  PKU

generalities, statements that could apply to anyone

Kagan (2006)

found that early differences in inhibition

BALB and B6 mice

Which of the following is a difference between the genetic and evolutionary approaches to personality?

A.     The genetic approach tries to link personality to its biological foundations, while the evolutionary approach tries to link personality to social development.

B.     The evolutionary approach is concerned with the cultural unit, while the genetic approach is concerned with the family unit.

C.     The evolutionary approach is not concerned with genes, while the genetic approach is primarily concerned with genes.

D.     The genetic approach is interested in finding the links between genes and personality, while the evolutionary approach is interested in the processes that have shaped the genes over the course of the species’ development.

E.      The evolutionary approach is primarily concerned with social behavior, whereas the genetic approach is concerned with personality characteristics in isolation.

The genetic approach is interested in finding the links between genes and personality, while the evolutionary approach is interested in the processes that have shaped the genes over the course of the species’ development.

1.      Which of the following CANNOT be explained by evolutionary theory?

A.     Mate selection

B.     Altruism

C.     Open-mindedness

D.     Sexual jealousy

E.      None of the above

None of the above

1.      The psychological mechanisms that have evolved are targeted to solve particular evolutionary problems.  This is called _______.

A.     Discriminative facility

B.     Motivational determinism

C.     Domain specificity

D.     Flexible coping

E.      Evolutionary discriminativeness

Domain specificity

1.      According to Sheldon, a person whose physique is soft and round is expected to have a ________ temperament.

A.     Viscerotonic

B.     Cerebrotonic

C.     Mesomorphic

D.     Somatotonic

E.      Endomorphic

A.     Viscerotonic

1.      Individuals who have a relatively high overall resting level of arousal in their ascending reticular activation systems are likely to be:

A.     Extraverts

B.     High in BAS reactivity

C.     Introverts

D.     Low in BAS reactivity

E.      Any of the above.

 Any of the above.

1.      Someone who is rated high in BIS reactivity is likely:

A.     To have a positive asymmetry measure

B.     To report more positive responses to pleasant stimuli

C.     To have a lower level of overall activation in the cortex

D.     To have a negative asymmetry measure

E.      To have a higher resting level of activity in the left side of the brain

A.     To have a positive asymmetry measure

1.      Which of the following is NOT likely to be a characteristic of a high sensation seeker?

A.     Views life as a game

B.     Has a low tolerance for complexity

C.     Has more varied sexual experiences

D.     Nonconforming attitude

E.      All of the above are characteristic of a high sensation seeker.

 Has a low tolerance for complexity

1.      Which of the following may be used to treat anxiety?

A.     Lithium

B.     Benzodiazapines

C.     MAOIs

D.     Methadone

E.      Phenothiazines

 Benzodiazapines

Evolutionary biologists distinguish between two kinds of natural selection

The Mystery Method

The survival advantage of having the

Cheater Detection

Cosmides & Toobey (1992)

Evolution and Personality

Males seek

Females seek

fertility, youth, beauty

resources, status, dominance

What did Sigmund Freud study at the beginning of his medical career and give up studying relatively shortly thereafter?

A.     Hysteria

B.     Cocaine

C.     Opium

D.     Neuroses

E.      Free association

Cocaine

Freud stated that all behavior is governed psychologically.  This is termed:

A.     Free association

B.     Sensory anesthesias

C.     Free will

D.     Motivational determinism