Term
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Definition
learning based on association of behavior with its consequence
babies can remember mobiles they played with days or weeks ago
learn to kick vigorously to make the mobile move
motor learning: learning a pattern of movement to obtain a reward |
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Term
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Definition
sensori motor- self vs objects, intentional actions, object permanence
pre operational
concrete operation
formal operational |
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Term
| piagetian sensorimotor stages |
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Definition
primary circular (tumb sucking)
secondary circular (repeat interesting actions)
coordination of secondary circular (purposeful and deliberate behavior
tertiary- curiosity and experimentation
mental combinations- symbolic thought and insight. |
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Term
| primary reaction (sensori motor) |
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Definition
| action and response both involve infant's own body (1-4 month) |
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Term
| secondary circular reaction |
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Definition
| action gets a response from another response or object leaden got baby's repeating original action (4-8 month) |
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Term
| tertiary circular reaction |
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Definition
| action gets one pleasing result, leading baby to perform simliar actions to get similar results (12-18 months) |
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Term
| key developments of sensor motor |
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Definition
| object permanence, symbolic development |
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Term
object permanence
prior to 8 months
8-12 months
12 + |
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Definition
realizing that an object exists even when it is out of sight
prior to 8 months- if i drop my toy and can't see it it's gone
8-12 months (A not B task)- you hid my toy i'm looking for it the last place i saw it
1 year...you hid my toy i'm looking for it |
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Term
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Definition
representational thinking, a pre literacy skill
pictorial competence
-ability to understand the nature of the pictures
- develops around 19 months of age
-seeing a picture of a sun and saying suh |
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Term
symbol minded
pictorial competence
dual representation hypothesis |
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Definition
attentive to symbols and their relationships to the things they represent
DeLoache= pictorial competence is the ability to understand the nature of pics
2 year olds lack representational understanding of screen images on tv than 2 1/2 year olds
dual rep. hypoth- proposal that children under age 3 have difficulty grasping spatial relationships because of the need to keep more than one mental representation in mind at the same time |
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Term
information-processing approach
habituation
dishabituation |
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Definition
visual and novelty preferences
habituation-reduced attention to a stimuli after it looses novelly
dishabituation- old stimuli can become novel again if the bay is monetarily distracted |
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Term
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Definition
research method in which dishabituation to stimulus that conflicts with experience is taken as evidence that an infant recognizes the new stimulus as surprising
carrots |
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Term
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Definition
five month olds watched mickey mouse dolls added or subtracted from behind a screen
when screen was lifted, babies looked longer at wrong answers |
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Term
Social Contextual approach: learning from caregivers
guided participation
who came up with this |
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Definition
guided participation- adults participation in a child's activity that helps to structure it and bring the child's understand ofit closer to the adults
^inspired by Vygotsky
helps bridge level of knowledge between adult and child-Zone of proximal development- degree of challenge
cultural differences |
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Term
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Definition
a communication system based on word, grammar, cognitive development
requires ability to connect sound and meaning and mouth tongue voice box control
-literacy, the ability to read and write |
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Term
| sequence of language development |
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Definition
22 Early vocalizations
22 Recognizing sound patterns, phonemes, native tongue
22 Babbling
22 Gesturing= give kid language before they speak
22 First single words mama cat
22 Vocab explosion (50-400 words in months)
22 2 word sentences
22 fewer gestures, now uses names, many 2 word phrases
22 combines 3+ words but makes grammatical errors
22 by 36 months, 1,000 words, 80% intelligible, syntax error |
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Term
First words
linguistic speech
holophrase
when does naming explosion occur |
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Definition
linguistic speech- verbal speech that conveys meaning around 10-14 months of age
holophrase- simple syllables that have complete meaning "Da" could mean "where is daddy"
naming explosion occurs at 16-24 months |
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Term
first sentences
telegraphic speech |
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Definition
2-3 words expressing an idea
competenece in syntax gradually increases |
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Term
first sentences
telegraphic speech |
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Definition
2-3 words expressing an idea
competenece in syntax gradually increases |
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Term
early speech characteristics
underextension
overextension
overgeneralizing |
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Definition
understand grammar but cannot expresss it
underextension- doggy only refers to your dog
overextension- my cat is named moose all cats are named moose
overgeneralizing of rules- adding "ed' to make all words past tense |
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Term
skinner felt language learning is based on experience, children learning language through operant conditioning
social learning theory |
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Definition
| babies imitate the sounds they hear adults make and again are reinforced for doing so |
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Term
| Chomskky view is called nativism (on speech) |
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Definition
| theory that human beings have an inborn capacity for language acquisition |
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Term
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Definition
prelinguistic period
adult repeats sound babies make, teaches babies about the social nature of language
vocabulary development
parents do a lot of labeling
mothers child directed speech
simplified words, exaggerated vowel sounds, may help children learn native tongue faster |
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Term
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Definition
never too early to introduce literacy
benefits of reading to/with infants
familiarize children with greater # of word sounds
familiarized them with books, left-right reading, etc.
shared attention
-helps child see where adult is attending and why
- pointing to words as you pronounce them, pointing to pics as you describe them
Enhances letter/word/sound recognition and association |
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