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Cognitive Biases
24 Cognitive Biases from yourbias.is
24
Psychology
Undergraduate 1
12/28/2018

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Term
anchoring
Definition
The first thing you judge influences your judgment of all that follows.
Term
the sunk cost fallacy
Definition
You irrationally cling to things that have already cost you something.
Term
the availability heuristic
Definition
Your judgments are influenced by what springs most easily to mind.
Term
the curse of knowledge
Definition
Once you understand something you presume it to be obvious to everyone.
Term
confirmation bias
Definition
You favor things that confirm your existing beliefs.
Term
the dunning-kruger effect
Definition
The more you know, the less confident you're likely to be.
Term
belief bias
Definition
If a conclusion supports your existing beliefs, you'll rationalize anything that supports it.
Term
self-serving bias
Definition
You believe your failures are due to external factors, yet you're responsible for your successes.
Term
the backfire effect
Definition
When some aspect of your core beliefs is challenged, it can cause you to believe even more strongly.
Term
the barnum effect
Definition
You see personal specifics in vague statements by filling in the gaps.
Term
groupthink
Definition
You let the social dynamics of a group situation override the best outcomes.
Term
negativity bias
Definition
You allow negative things to disproportionately influence your thinking.
Term
declinism
Definition
You remember the past as better than it was, and expect the future to be worse than it will likely be.
Term
the framing effect
Definition
You allow yourself to be unduly influenced by context and delivery.
Term
fundamental attribution error
Definition
You judge others on their character, but yourself on the situation.
Term
the halo effect
Definition
How much you like someone, or how attractive they are, influences your other judgments of them.
Term
optimism bias
Definition
You overestimate the likelihood of positive outcomes.
Term
pessimism bias
Definition
You overestimate the likelihood of negative outcomes.
Term
just-world hypothesis
Definition
Your preference for justice makes you presume it exists.
Term
in-group bias
Definition
You unfairly favor those who belong to your group.
Term
the placebo effect
Definition
If you believe you're taking medicine it can sometimes 'work' even if it's fake.
Term
the bystander effect
Definition
You presume someone else is going to do something in an emergency situation.
Term
reactance
Definition
You'd rather do the opposite of what someone is trying to make you do.
Term
the spotlight effect
Definition
You overestimate how much people notice how you look and act.
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