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| The capacity to perform higher mental processes of reasoning, remembering, understanding, and problem solving. |
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| The combination of three characteristics: the possession of knowledge, the ability to use information processing to reason about the world, and the ability to employ that reasoning adaptively in different environments. |
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| A revised version of Binet's original test of cognitive abilities. Each set of age-graded questions could be answered correctly by a substantial majority of the children in that age group. Children were above average if they could correctly answer questions above their age grade. The score received, called mental age, was divided by chronological age and then multiplied by 100, resulting in an IQ. |
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Definition
| Any tests designed to measure intelligence on an objective, standardized scale. |
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| A verbal scale on Wechsler's intelligence test measures... |
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| things such as remembering a series of digits, solving arithmetic problems, defining vocabulary words, and understanding and answering general world knowledge questions. |
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| A performance scale on Wechsler's intelligence test measures... |
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Definition
| how well one understands relationships between objects and how well one manipulates various materials. |
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| Intelligence Quotient (IQ Score) |
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| Reflects relative standing on a test within a population of the same age group. IQ values reflect how far each score deviates from the age-group average. |
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| Designed to measure a person's capacity to learn certain things or perform certain tasks. |
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| Measures what a person has accomplished or learned in a particular area. |
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| Systematic procedures for observing behavior in a standard situation. Behavior is described with the help of a numerical scale or a category system. |
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| Descriptions of the frequency of particular scores. Norms provide information about how a certain person's test score compares to the population upon which the norms are based. |
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| A test that has reliability... |
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| Is one whose results will be consistent or stable over repeated test occasions. |
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| A test that shows validity... |
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| Is one that measures exactly what it is designed to measure. |
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| The Psychometric Approach |
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Definition
| A method for analyzing test scores in order to describe the structure of intelligence. Psychologists have examined correlations of test scores in order to find the skills and talents that define intelligence. |
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| A representation of general mental ability or intelligence. |
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| Intelligence in which specific information and skills needed for a particular test are factors. |
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| The basic power of reasoning and problem solving. It produces deduction, induction, reasoning, and understanding of the relationships between ideas. |
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| Crystallized intelligence |
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Definition
| Involves specific knowledge gained as a result of applying fluid intelligence. It produces verbal comprehension and skill at manipulating numbers. |
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| The Information-processing approach |
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Definition
| Studies intelligence by examining the mental processes that underlie intelligent behavior. |
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| The triarchic theory of intelligence |
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Definition
| Deals with three types of intelligence. Analytic intelligence is traditional, academically oriented ability. Creatice intelligence is the ability to produce novel but effective solutions to problems or situations. Practical intelligence deals with adapting to or shaping the environment when correct answers may not necessarily exist. |
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| Multiple intelligences theory |
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Definition
| Says that people have eight different categories or abilities of intelligence: linguistic, logical-mathematical, spatial, musical, body-kinesthetic, intrapersonal, interpersonal, and naturalistic. |
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| The ability to generate novel but viable or workable solutions to a problem. |
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| Characteristic of creative people. The ability to think along many alternative paths to generate many different solutions to a problem. |
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| The ability to apply the rules of logic and knowledge about the world to reduce the number of possible solutions to a problem. |
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