Term
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Definition
| One's ability to focus one's listening attention on a single talker among a mixture of conversations and background noises, ignoring other conversations. |
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Definition
| When a person is blind, but denies it. |
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Definition
| Primary motor cortex. Contains motor homunculus. |
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Definition
| Involved in the processing of higher level vision..more specifically, movement. |
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Definition
| The primary visual cortex. Encodes details like acuity, etc. |
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Definition
| Color-blindness...inability to see color, sometimes due to missing cones. |
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Definition
| The inability to identify something that is present. |
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Definition
| the inability to see faster motion |
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Definition
| When a person with a disability is unaware of/denies their disability. |
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Definition
| An agnosia in which a person has perceptual problems and thus can't distinguish between shapes, etc. Poor at copying pictures. |
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Definition
| An inability to produce a kind of movement. There are two kinds: ideational apraxia in which a person cannot even come up with the idea of performing a certain task, and ideomotor in which a person recognizes the task but cannot perform it. |
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Definition
| An agnosia in which a patient fails to assign meaning to an object/shape. |
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Definition
| A brain structure involved in the inhibition of movement, made of the globus pallidus, the putamen, the caudate nucleus, the subthalamic structure, and the substantia nigra. The primary input are the caudate and the putamen, and the output are the globus pallidus and part of the substantia nigra. Damage to the substantia nigra causes Parkinson's. |
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Definition
| Involved in the perception of audition, this is found in the inner ear and is involved in the direct transduction of auditory signals. |
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Definition
| A visual phenomenon when two really different stimuli are present to each eye. One eye sees it, then the other, and it fades back and forth. |
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Definition
| A phenomenon in which people who suffer bilateral damage to area V1 can still identify the LOCATION of objects (a function of higher level vision) |
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Term
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Definition
| basal ganglia. involved in inhibiting stuff... |
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Term
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Definition
| Patients may experience problems with balance, timing, and well coordinated, finer aimed movements.. |
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Term
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Definition
| transparent part of eye that covers pupil, and stuff behind it |
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Term
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Definition
| A "column" of neurons that react to similar stimuli. Found often in V1 in response to particular line orientations. |
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Definition
| Stress hormone, inhibits memory encoding |
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Definition
| Memory you can state out loud. Fact.s |
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Definition
| riding a bike. that kind of memory. things you do. NOT affected necessarily by hippocampal legions (as seen in patient HM) |
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Definition
| A particular form of color blindness in which you only have two of three cones. Usually effects males. |
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Definition
| A specialized form of MRI that can trace the path of a water molecule throughout the brain, ultimately producing an image of blood flow. |
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Definition
| the "what" pathway of the visual system, projecting from V1 into the parietal lobe |
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Definition
| When an object is in sharp focus of the eye lens when its relaxed. |
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Definition
| involved in the encoding of memory, and provides direct input to the hippocampus. |
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Term
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Definition
| a component of the memory system dedicated to linking information across the senses. PArt of the Baddeley model of memory. |
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Term
| challenges of face recognition |
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Definition
| Faces move. They are not constant objects. Plus, we need to recognize our own faces. And remember those familiar to us. And make sure that we can identify different objects as faces and not other things. And label them. |
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Term
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Definition
| the center of inside of the eye that receives direct light, essentially. Responsible for sharp vision. |
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Term
| Grandmother neuron/gnostic unit |
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Definition
| A particular type of neuron that recognizes and reacts to a specific object. |
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Term
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Definition
| Damage to particular visual nerves in the optic path, leading to blindness. |
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Definition
| A genetic, degenerative disorder that presents itself in the 4th-5th decade of life. The basal ganglia is overactive. Symptoms include hyperkinesia (moving too much), clumsy movements, etc. |
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Definition
| Part of brain that is generally responsible for retaining long term, declarative memory. |
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Definition
| A set of columns in V1 that responds to all line orientations from a particular region of space for both eyes. |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| An apraxia characterized by the patient not even being able to think of how to do an action (it never occurs to them). |
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Definition
| A type of apraxia where a patient can state what the action is, but cannot perform it. |
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Term
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Definition
| Being able to see things that aren't actually there |
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Term
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Definition
| rearranging of molecules in an atom |
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Term
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Definition
| A perceptual task in which people identify a shape out of a bunch of similar looking objects. People get better with age. |
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Term
| Law of specific nerve energy |
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Definition
| The nature of perception is defined by the pathway over which the sensory information is carried. All neurons carry same sort of info, so qualities of perception must arise elsewhere. |
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Term
| LOC (lateral occipital cortex) |
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Definition
| Involved in motion perception...shows a BOLD signal on a task involving it. |
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Term
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Definition
| an expert on human memory who knows that it can be rewritten. Often uses this sort of thing in court. (People lie) |
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Term
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Definition
| located in lower brainstem and spinal cord. Direct stimulation of muscles from these. |
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Term
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Definition
| located in cerebral cortex. They control voluntary movements...influences INTO lower motor neurons to help control these voluntary responses. |
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Definition
| often used in perceptual tasks. |
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Term
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Definition
| temporarily covering somebody's visual fields such that area V1's activity is suppressed. |
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Term
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Definition
| A sensory receptor that responds to mechanical receptor or distortion (mechanically gated receptor) |
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Term
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Definition
| A sensory receptor that responds to mechanical receptor or distortion (mechanically gated receptor) |
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Term
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Definition
| Neurons active in both performing and watching a task be performed (the same task) |
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Term
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Definition
Phenomenon in which you can see things in visual stimuli even though its just motions..
? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| The pathway of vision that projects to the CONTRALATERAL hemisphere |
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Term
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Definition
| items associated to the same cue as the target blocking the successful retrieval of that target |
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Term
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Definition
| light-sensitive protein found in the retina |
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Term
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Definition
| part of the brain where the optic nerve crosses |
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Term
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Definition
| the three smallest bones in the human body...in the middle ear, involved in the sensation of sound. (hammer, stapes, anvil, etc.) |
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Term
| Parkinson's disease symptoms |
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Definition
Caused by death of substantia nigra cells.
Signs:
bradykinesia (slow movements)
hypokinesia (less movements)
heavy tremors
muscle rigidity
problems sequencing movement |
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Term
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Definition
| A patient who experienced latero-occipital damage, resulting in agnosia. Had trouble copying image, making it seems like this was an apperceptive agnosia. However, on a task involving fitting card in slot, could only do it if she wasn't really thinking about it. |
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Term
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Definition
| DUH! Memory man. Hippocampus problems. lesioend. epilepsy. etc. |
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Term
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Definition
| Patient who experienced akinestopia, after bilateral damage to area MT (you need BOTH sides to be damaged to experience this) |
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Term
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Definition
| the circular flow of information from the environment to sensory structures, to motor structures, back again to the environment |
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Term
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Definition
| as a whole deals with sound or phonological information. It consists of two parts: a short-term phonological store with auditory memory traces that are subject to rapid decay and an articulatory rehearsal component that can revive the memory traces. |
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Term
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Definition
| When an early stimulus influences the response to a later stimulus. |
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Term
| implicit/procedural memory |
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Definition
| The type of memory involved in things like riding a bike... |
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Term
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Definition
| a disorder of face perception where the ability to recognize faces is impaired, while the ability to recognize other objects may be relatively intact. |
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Term
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Definition
| The receptive field of a sensory neuron is a region of space in which the presence of a stimulus will alter the firing of that neuron. Receptive fields have been identified for neurons of the auditory system, the somatosensory system, and the visual system. |
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Term
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Definition
– match what is seen now against memory
– Rejecting close, but incorrect matches
– Size, viewpoint invariance |
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Term
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Definition
| bound to opsin. A vitamin A derivative |
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Term
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Definition
| spatial organization of the neuronal responses to visual stimuli |
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Term
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Definition
| a pigment of the retina that is responsible for both the formation of the photoreceptor cells and the first events in the perception of light |
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Term
| serial reaction time task |
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Definition
| A test of procedural learning often used with amnesics. A subject may be presented with four buttons located under each of the fingers on one hand, and each button corresponds to one of four lights; the mapping between button and light can be based on spatial relationships. The lights can be flashed in different sequences. It tests whether, over time, healthy subjects increase their speed of responding to the sequences. |
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Term
| short term memory vs. working memory |
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Definition
Working memory is defined more as the ability to recall and work with things in memory.
Short term memory is a temporary, un-encoded into LT memory process of temporarily maintaining things.. |
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Term
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Definition
| In visual perception, size shouldn't matter in identifying that two objects are the same. |
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Term
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Definition
| Found in S1...the postcentral gyrus. Somatotopic map of the body. sensory. |
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Term
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Definition
| If we re-route the sensory and optic nerves, in a thunderstorm, person will hear lightning and see thunder. |
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Term
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Definition
| The part of the visual field of the retina that is linked to the ipsilateral hemisphere of the brain |
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Term
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Definition
| Turning of physical or chemical signals into action potentials the brain can understand |
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Term
| Vogel, Ed (and Marco Machizawa) |
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Definition
| Performed an experiment determining the capacity of short term memory. |
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Term
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Definition
| Patients with this syndrome act as though whole regions of space contralateral to their lesions do not exist. In early stages, patients may deny ownership of their contalateral limb and also neglect parts of their own body. |
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Term
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Definition
| In perception, the idea that the point of a view from which an object is seen does not affect the fact that we can still identify the object. |
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Term
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Definition
| PArt of baddeley's model of memory. This is part of working memory that processes directional like things in the mind. |
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Term
| vulnerability of long-term memory |
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Definition
When learned material is recalled or
reviewed, LTM is put into an unstable, labile
state --until it is REconsolidated by protein
synthesis. Reconsolidation can be disrupted
by inhibiting protein synthesis. |
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Term
| standard model, modal model |
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Definition
| sensory register -> short term memory register -> long term memory |
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Term
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Definition
| Her model proposed that A) initial visual processing occurs in both cortices, b) perceptual categorization takes place in the right hemisphere and C) semantic categorization depends on the left hemisphere. It fails to address perceptual integration. |
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