things that go with habituation, skills, tennis, mirror writing

anything that must be put into short term ememory

process of putting new informaiton into permanaent storage

because dif types of memory have dif characterisitcs

because dif brain injuries affect dif types of memories

because either they are have distinctiveness meaning they stimulated different parts of memory

or

because they need to be elaborated upon, you process new information by relating it to permenant info

subjects had to look at pictures and used either physical words or asked if they looked honest, the subjects who had to think about them being honest remembered them better

results: elaborating on honesty caused them to remebere them better

enhancement of long term meory by relating the material to personal expereinces

type od task matters (recognition vs recall)

other learning cues should be weak

bigger effect on older memories

memory is better whne material to be learned is similar with a perosn's mood

ex: if you are going to learn about something sad and you are sad u will remember better

ADULTS do no remebere events that occureed in their lives prior to the age of 2 or 3 years old

the place you first heard the news

the ongoing event interupted

the person that gave the news

own feelings

emotions of others

the aftermath

flashbulb memories are different from other memories, u remember items not remembered for other types of memories

flashbulb memories are like other memories, surprising and emotional memories are more likely to be repeated and elaborated upon time

there was a misiforamtion effec twith what people saw and what they were told they saw

errors are more likely if the witness's attetniton has been distracted at the time of the event, weapon

errors are more likely if the misinformation is plausable

errors are more likely if their is social pressure

errors are more leikely if eyewitness have been given positive feedback

subjects read booklets with 4 stories about their lives, 3 of the 4 stories were real and 1 was made up

the made up story was that they were lost in the mall

Genral knowledge is divded into 2 areas what are they?

matters of fact

concepts

How does the feature comparison model work?

Concepts are stored in memory according to a list of features

The features of an object are compared with the features of the category

people decide whether the two match

compre al the features

compare the defining features of the object and category

few concepts in real life have necessary features

model assumes features are independent of one another, but often are not

higher level more general categories

e... animal

mid level moderately specificcategories,

ex.. dog

lower level more specific

ex.. german shepard

o   Avoids defining categories by essential characteristic

o   Accounts for developing categories from loosely structured resemblances (family resemblance)

o   Shows how we can store a vast amount of information into a single prototype

o   Sometimes the prototype is not the most typical item in a category

o   We often do store a vast amount of specific information

o   Categories ae treated as fuzzy by prototype approach

§  But categories are often not fuzzy

specific examples of a concept stores in a memory

ex... real examples

Avoids problems of necessary features           

 Don’t have to devise a prototype (just store examples_          

  Can explain why we can categorize unusual examples

explaining why we store some examples and not others

exemplars for certain large categories may be unwildly

How does the model explain individual differences?

adaptive control of though

made by john anderson

tried to account for all of cognition

can use bottom up and top down processing                

Can explain how we draw generalizations

can draw conclusions with incomplete knowledge          

  ---based on similar people or objects