Term
| what is the term coevolution used to describe what? |
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Definition
| it is used to describe cases where two (or more) species reciprocally affect each other's evolution. |
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Term
| Give an example of coevolution: |
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Definition
an evolutionary change in the chemical defenses of a plant, might over time select for change in the morphology or digestive system of an herbivore that eats the plant
*selection in turn might affect the evolution of the plant, such that it increases its chemical defneses. Selection for herbivores that can detoxify these defenses may occur which provides for increased selective pressures on the plant and so on. |
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Term
| coevolution is most likely when what? |
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Definition
| when different species have close ecological interactions with one another. |
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Term
| what the relationships of coevolution? |
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Definition
- predator/ prey and parasite/host
- competitve species
- mutualistic species
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Term
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Definition
| it is the proper term for interactions where both species benefit |
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Term
| is symbiosis the same as mutualism |
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Definition
| symbiosis is not same the mutualism |
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Term
| so what does symbiosis mean? |
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Definition
| symbiosis simply means two species or organisms have an intimate relationship with each other |
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Term
| give an example of symbiosis: |
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Definition
| you and tape worm are symbiotic but not mutualistic |
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Term
| give an example of classical case of coevolution: |
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Definition
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Term
| give an example of coevolution besides plant-ant |
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Definition
| Acacia-Pseudomyrmex ant mutalism in Central & South America is obligatory |
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Term
| In the American tropics Pseudomyrmex ants have evolved the following characteristics which are: |
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Definition
- They protect plants from herbivores
- They keep other plants from growing on or shading the plants, and
- they even areas of ground around the plants
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Term
How have Acacia plants have evolved?
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Definition
- Thorns as places to live for the ants
- Extrafloral nectaries are source of water and carbohydrates
- Beltian bodies which are lipid and protein rich
- plants remain evergreen even in the dry environment where they are normally found.
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| what do Mullerian bodies contain? |
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Definition
| carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins |
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Term
| what are mullerian bodies associated with? |
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Definition
| they are associated with trichilia and mullerian bodies. |
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Term
| what is the form of carbohydrates that are produced from Mullerian body? |
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Definition
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Term
| to what is glyocgen is denticial? |
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Definition
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Term
| how do ants protect Cecropia? |
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Definition
| by stinging potential herbivores and chewing on vines which might grow on Cecropia. |
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Term
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Definition
- sting
- bite
- chew vines
- attack animals
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Term
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Definition
| It produces loss of muscle coordination. The senior Brodie knew that resistant garter snakes, after ingesting a newt lost the ability to crawl for some time. |
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Term
| Do snakes just die if they eat a newt? |
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Definition
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Term
| What was the hypothesis that was tested? |
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Definition
| If garter snakes are sympatric with these toxic newts, will they have coevolved resistance? |
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Term
| What did the cofffeepot incident lead the Brodies to what type of theory? |
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Definition
| Geographic Mosaic Theory of Coevolution |
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Term
| What did the Geographic Mosaic Theory of Coevolution state? |
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Definition
- Species and populations evolve over time.
- interactions that drive coevolution occur between individuals on a local scale.
- interactions depend on a multitude of factors that rane from the physical to the biotic at a very fine again.
- Thus we predict that over the geographic range of an interaction, there will be hot spots where coevolution is intense, and cold spots where coevolution is weak or nonexistent.
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Term
| What kind of populations was Brodies able to map? |
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Definition
| high and low resistant populations (subsequent slide) |
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Term
| What does the story of the coffeepot incident illustrate? |
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Definition
| it illustrates fascinating evolutionary responses between predator and prey, that are played out upon the ecological stage of varying biotic and abiotic environments in different geographic zones |
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Term
| Give an example of Convergent Evolution: |
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Definition
| The Cactus family is found only in the Americans and the Euphoricaceae |
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