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CNS
Intro
76
Pathology
Graduate
07/30/2014

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Cards

Term
What causes changes in the CNS as a result of Aging?
Definition
changes in DNA, RNA, proteins in the CNS
Term
Aging in the CNS: 1
Definition
decreased brain weight, secondary loss of brain tissue and atrophy
Term
Aging in the CNS: 2
Definition
decreased nerve conduction velocity in motor and sensory systems
Term
Aging in the CNS: 3
Definition
neuraonal changes, such as accumulation of lipofuscin
Term
lipofuscin
Definition
pigmented lipid found in the cytoplasm of neurons
Term
Aging in the CNS: 4
Definition
formation of senile plaques in the cerebral cortex
Term
What do senile plaques contain?
Definition
degenerated axons, dendrites, astrocytes, amyloid
Term
Aging in the CNS: 5
Definition
increased concentration of neurofibrillary tangles leading to distortion of cell bodies
Term
Aging in the CNS: 6
Definition
reduction in blood supply
Term
Aging in the CNS: 7
Definition
changes in neurotransmitter activity
Term
Aging in the CNS: 8
Definition
impaired balance and mobility
Term
Why are balance and mobility affected with age?
Definition
degeneration of the vestibular system, declines in vision and somatosensory function
Term
Aging in the CNS: 9
Definition
increased susceptibility for neurologic disease
Term
How do neurons die
Definition
apoptosis, necrosis
Term
involves cellualr swelling, loss of cellular integrity, fragmentation, lysis
Definition
necrosis
Term
toxins are released that have a destructive effect on neighboring cells
Definition
necrosis
Term
programmed cell death
Definition
apoptosis
Term
inflammation of the meningeal layer of the spinal cord or brain
Definition
meningitis
Term
Inflammation as a result of meningitis may extend to where
Definition
dura, arachnoid, pia into the cortex of the brain and/or spinal cord
Term
Etiology: Meningitis
Definition
injury to the meninges, inner ear infection
Term
Symptoms of meningitis: Initial
Definition
fever, headaches, stiff painful neck
Term
Kernig's Sign: As leg is flexed
Definition
head flexes as well
Term
Brudzinskis sign: as head flexes
Definition
knees flex
Term
Meninigitis: As symptoms progress
Definition
seizures, coma, vomiting, papilledema, cranial nerve dysfunction
Term
papilledema
Definition
optic disc swelling caused by increased ICP
Term
Types of CNS tumors
Definition
primary, secondary
Term
What is a primary CNS tumor?
Definition
develops in the brain, spinal cord, or surrounding structures
Term
What is a secondary CNS tumor?
Definition
tumors that metatasize to the location
Term
How do SOL affect nerve function
Definition
may lead to mild lethargy to paralysis
Term
How do priamry tumors affect the brain: 1
Definition
compression of the cerebral tissue
Term
How do priamry tumors affect the brain: 2
Definition
invasion or infiltration of the brain tissue
Term
How do priamry tumors affect the brain: 3
Definition
erosion of the bone that protects the CNS
Term
Compression of the cerebral tissue, as well as invasion or infiltration of the bone tissue may lead to what
Definition
cerebral edema and a resultant increase in ICP
Term
Edema acummulation and tumor growth may also cause what
Definition
flow of CSF to be stopped
Term
Symptoms related to increased ICP: 1
Definition
retro-orbital headache
Term
Symptoms related to increased ICP: 2
Definition
mental confusion
Term
Symptoms related to increased ICP: 3
Definition
lethargy
Term
Symptoms related to increased ICP: 4
Definition
altered LOC
Term
Symptoms related to increased ICP: 5
Definition
irritiability
Term
Symptoms related to increased ICP: 6
Definition
lack of emotion
Term
What is the most common type of brain tumor
Definition
glioma
Term
A glioma may involve tumor growth where
Definition
astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, ependymal cells
Term
The tumors are slow growing and usually beningn
Definition
meningioma
Term
Where do meningiomas grow?
Definition
dura mater, cerebral convexities
Term
Gliomas are thought to be a choromosmoal defect or absence of what
Definition
oncogene, chromosome 17
Term
Meningiomas are related to multiple deletions on chromosome
Definition
22
Term
Where does meningioma growth start
Definition
arachnoid layer of the meninges
Term
The meningioma then infiltrates what part
Definition
dura, dural sinsues
Term
Due to their proximity to the bony cranium, some meningiomas lead to increased what
Definition
bone growth, hyperostosis
Term
Clinical Picture Meningioma:
Definition
patient complains of mild symptoms that increase over years
Term
What is another name for a neurinoma
Definition
schwannoma
Term
Schwannoma tumors are
Definition
slow growing and benign
Term
Schwannomas tend to grow where
Definition
vestibular portion of CN8
Term
Schwannoma of CN#8 has what sypmtoms
Definition
uniltaeral hearing loss, tinnitus, vertigo, unsteadiness
Term
As a CN8 tumor grows, what may be compressed
Definition
CN7
Term
Compression of CN7 may result in what
Definition
facial numbness, dyshapgia, facial muscle weakness
Term
Primary spinal cord tumors are ____ common than brain tumors
Definition
less
Term
Spinal tumors are the _____ found within the brain
Definition
same
Term
Which is the most prevalent spinal tumor
Definition
schwannoma
Term
Which is the second most prevalent tumor
Definition
meningioma
Term
Which is the least prevalent spinal tumor
Definition
glioma
Term
How are spinal tumors named
Definition
by their location in the cord
Term
Intra-dural-intramedullary tumors grow where
Definition
within the dura and cord
Term
Intradural-intramedullary tumors are prevalent in which population
Definition
children
Term
Intradural-intramedullary tumors arise form where
Definition
cells within the cord such as astrocytes and ependymal cells
Term
Intradural-intramedullary cells tend to be
Definition
slow growing
Term
Intradural-extramedullary tumors grow where
Definition
outside of the spinal cord but within the dura
Term
intradural-extramedullary tumors are most comon among who
Definition
adults
Term
intradural-extramedullary tumors tend to arise from where
Definition
supporting tissue of teh CNS, ie meninges or nerve sheath
Term
How do intradural-extramedullary tumors grow
Definition
slowly
Term
Extradural-extramedullary tumors are typically
Definition
metastatic
Term
Extradural-extramedullary tumors can develop from what
Definition
schwannoma or meningioma that grows extradurally
Term
intra
Definition
within
Term
extra
Definition
outside of
Term
medullary
Definition
spinal cord
Term
dural
Definition
meningeal layers
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