Term
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Definition
| A collection of nerve cell bodies in the CNS. |
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Term
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Definition
| Membranous covering of brain and spinal cord. |
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Term
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Definition
Tough fibrous and elastic tissue forming the outermost covering membrane of the spinal cord. Separated from the periosteum-covered bones and ligaments that form the wall of the vertebral canal by the epidural space.
Borders:
Sup: foramen magnum
Inf: sacral hiatus
Lat: IV foramina |
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Term
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Definition
| Space between spinal dura mater and bone/ligaments of vertebrae. Occupied by the internal vertebral venous plexus. |
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Term
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Definition
| Tuberal sac in the vertebral canal. Confluent with the epidural space and arachnoid mater. Ends at S2 by fusion with the filum terminale, which attaches it to the coccyx. |
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Term
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Definition
| Membrane confluent with the dural sac. Encloses the subarachnoid space. Ends at S2. |
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Definition
| CSF-full space around nerve roots, spinal cord, and post and ant spinal arteries. |
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Definition
| Outer surface of the spinal cord and cerebrum. Forms one of the membranes of the subarachnoid space. |
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Definition
| The vestigial remnant of the caudal part of the spinal cord. Fuses with the inferior border of the dural sac and attaches it to the coccyx. |
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Definition
| General name of for the arachnoid and pia mater membranes. |
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Definition
| Pia mater. Attached to spinal column in between dorsal and ventral roots. Attached to spinal dura mater (through arachnoid). Triangular-shaped. |
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Term
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Definition
| Vestiges of neural tissue and neuroglial tissue covered by pia mater. Perforates the inferior end of the dural sac to form the core of the external filum terminale. |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Inferior cone of spinal cord |
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Term
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Definition
| From L2 to Co; consists of 20 spinal nerves (or 10 pairs) and filum terminale. |
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Term
| Anterior spinal artery(s) |
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Definition
| Unpaired. Off vertebral artery. |
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Term
| Posterior spinal artery(s) |
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Definition
| Paired. Off vertebral artery or posterior inferior cerebellar artery (PICA) |
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Term
| Segmental spinal branches |
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Definition
| Arteries. Arise from vertebral a., ascending cervical a., deep cervical a., posterior intercostal aa., and lumbar aa. Enter via IV foramina. Supply much of the spinal cord, particularly at the cervical and lumbrosacral enlargements. |
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Term
| Arteria radicularis magna |
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Definition
| Also called artery of Adamkiewicz. Large segmental artery (unilateral). On left side in most people. Supplies much of blood to anterior spinal artery. |
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Term
| Internal vertebral venous plexus |
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Definition
| Located in the epidural space surrounding the spinal cord. |
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Term
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Definition
| Connective tissue outermost covering of nerve. Includes vasa nevorum (blood vessels for nerves). |
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Term
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Definition
| Blood vessels for nerves. Companion with nerve in the epineurium. |
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Term
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Definition
| Connective tissue enclosing each fascicle (bundle of nerves). |
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Definition
| Delicate connective tissue surrounding neurolemma cells and axons. |
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Term
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Definition
| A collection of nerve cell bodies outside the CNS. |
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Term
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Definition
| Impulse direction toward the CNS (ex. sensory) |
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Term
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Definition
| Impulse direction exits the CNS toward effector organs. |
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Term
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Definition
| 12. Exit foramina in cranium. |
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Term
# Spinal Nerves
# Cervical
# Thoracic
# Lumbar
# Sacral
# Coccyx |
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Definition
| 31 pairs of spinal nerves. 8 Cervical. 12 Thoracic. 5 Lumbar. 5 Sacral. 1 Coccyx. Exit via intervertebral foramina. |
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Term
| Somatic Nervous System: types of fibers, 1 or 2 neuron relay |
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Definition
| GSE and GSA. Both are 1 neuron relays. |
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Term
| Autonomic nervous system: types of fibers and 1 or 2 neuron relay |
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Definition
| GVE and GVA. GVE = 2 neuron relay. GVA = 1 neuron relay. |
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Term
| Dorsal root: types of fibers |
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Definition
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Term
| Ventral root: types of fibers |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Unilateral muscle mass innervated by a single spinal nerve. |
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Term
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Definition
| 2-4. Reenter intervertebral foramen. Innervate meninges and ligaments in spinal canal. |
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Term
| Spinal nerves that make up phrenic nerve. What does the phrenic nerve innervate? |
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Definition
| C3,4,5. Innervates diaphragm. |
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Term
| Clavicle dermatome innervation |
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Definition
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Term
| Thumb dermatome innervation |
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Definition
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Term
| Middle finger dermatome innervation |
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Definition
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Term
| Little finger dermatome innervation |
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Definition
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Term
| Nipple dermatome innervation |
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Definition
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Term
| Navel dermatome innervation |
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Definition
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Term
| Groin dermatome innervation |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and glands |
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Term
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Definition
| Mainly sensory (nausea or poorly localized pain triggered by distension, ischemia, or chemical irritation) |
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Term
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Definition
| Sympathetic and Parasympathetic |
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Term
| Vertebrae where you get sympathetic outflow |
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Definition
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Term
| Sympathetic neurotransmitter |
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Definition
| norepinephrine for preganglionic nerves (minus Ach for sweat glands) and Ach for postganglionic |
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Term
| Parasympathetic neurotransmitter |
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Definition
| Ach for both post and preganglionic nerves |
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Term
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Definition
| Convergence of the two lateral sympathetic trunks anteriorly to the coccyx. |
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Term
| Each sympathetic trunk is connected to which spinal nn |
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Definition
| Anterior rami of spinal nn via gray rami |
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Term
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Definition
| Allows passage of postganglionic GVE axon out of sympathetic chain ganglion and into anterior rami of spinal nerve |
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Term
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Definition
| From T1-L2. Allows preganglionic GVE axon to enter sympathetic chain ganglion. |
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Term
| Sympathetic chain ganglion |
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Definition
| Site of synapse between GVE pre- and postganglionic fibers. Contains cell body of GVE postganglionic fiber. |
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Term
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Definition
| Mix of pre and postganglionic axons. |
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Term
| Superior cervical ganglion |
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Definition
| Sympathetic chain ganglion for the head. Contains cell bodies of GVE postsynaptic neurons. |
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Term
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Definition
| Fusion of the T1 superior chain ganglion with the inferior cervical ganglion. |
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Term
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Definition
| Knock out T1 sympathetic chain. GVE signals can't enter sympathetic chain ganglion to synapse with postganglion GVE fibers (white rami below T1, can't get to T1 because of the block). Knocks out all signals originating above T1. Can be used to reduce pain. |
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Term
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Definition
From T5-L2.
Connect paravertebral ganglion (sympathetic chain ganglion) to central prevertebral chain ganglion. Preganglionic sympathetic GVE fibers destined for visceral organs synapse at central prevertebral ganglion (not SCG). |
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Term
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Definition
Compression or blockage of cervical or sympathetic chain. Results in lack of sympathetic signals on the ipsilateral side.
Get ptosis (abnormally low position of upper eyelid), miosis (excessive contraction of the pupil), and anhydrosis (failure of the sweat glands) |
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Term
| Effect of sympathetic GVE on skeletal muscles and heart. |
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Definition
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Term
| Effects of Sympathetic system (7) |
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Definition
| (1) Carries visceral pain impulses, (2) dilates pupil, (3) goose bumps, (4) blanching, (5) sweating, (6) relaxation of bronchial smooth muscle and bronchial secretions (take in more air), and (7) contracts internal anal sphincter. |
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Term
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Definition
| AKA solar plexus. Convergance of preganglionic sympathetic GVE (goes through splanchnic nerve) with vagus nerve. Innervates visceral organs. |
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Term
| Outflow path for parasympathetic GVE |
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Definition
| CN III, VII, IX, and X. Also S2-S4. |
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Term
| Parasympathetic innervation |
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Definition
| Distributes to head, visceral cavities of trunk, and erectile tissues of external genitalia. Do not reach body walls (expect genitalia). |
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Term
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Definition
| Main nerve for abdominal and thoracic viscera, down to left colic flexure. |
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Term
| Parasympathetic functions (7) |
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Definition
| (1) constricts pupil, (2) contracts ciliary muscle resulting in accomodation, (3) promotes secretion, (4) decreases heart rate, (5) constricts bronchi, (6) inhibits internal anal sphincter, (7) contracts detrusor muscle. |
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Term
| Main function for sympathetic GVA fibers |
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Definition
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Term
| Main function of parasympathetic GVA fibers |
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Definition
| chemoreceptors and baroreceptors at carotid bifurcation. receptors in pharynx, cervical viscera, major vessels and viscera of thorax and abdomen. |
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