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CNS Neoplasms
Ch 30 Test 2
28
Pathology
Graduate
11/13/2011

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Cards

Term
Name the 3 categoris of CNS Neoplasm
Definition
Primary Brain Tumors
Primary Intraspinal Tumors
Metastatic Tumors
Term
Varies between the types of tumors; etiology can arise from any of the cancerous causes we have mentioned thus far.
Definition
Primary Brain Tumors
Term
What is the pathogenesis of primary brain tumors?
Definition
Affects the brain by compression of cerebral tissue and destruction of tissue; can cause cerebral edema and increase ICP
Term
What are the clinical manifestations of primary brain tumors?
Definition
Headache, nausea, vomiting, confusion, lethargy
Term
How are primary brain tumors treated?
Definition
Surgery, radiation, chemotherapy
Term
Name 2 specific primary brain tumors
Definition
Gliomas and Nongliomas
Term
Astrocytomas, oligodendrogliomas, ependymomas, and sometimes medulloblastomas
Definition
Gliomas
Term
Meningioma, pituitary adenomas, neurinomas, choroid plexus papilloma, primary CNS lymphoma
Definition
Nongliomas
Term
Why are people with primary brain tumors often referred to PT?
Definition
patients with brain tumors often have mobility and neuromuscular problems
Term
When seeing a patient with a primary brain tumor. what are some things to be on alert for?
Definition
-Know the dz progression expectation
-Watch for signs of increased ICP such as headaches, visual or speech problems, pupil changes, or seizures
-Progress tx slowly, bedrest to PROM to positioning to ambulation
Term
Make up 60% of brain tumors. Infiltrative tumors that act as mass lesions wherever they are found and cause symptoms related to the area in which they infiltrate
Definition
Astrocytoma
Term
Seen in the cerebellum, brainstem and optic nerves of children
Definition
Grade I astrocytoma (pilocytic)
Term
See in the cerebral hemispheres of 20-40 year old individuals
Definition
Grade II astrocytomas
Term
The most malignant in their course are seen in patients in their 50s and 60s
Definition
High grade astrocytoma
Term
If untreated and even if treated (except in the case of pilocytic astrocytomas), astrocytomas are a significant cause of ___. Its due to transtentorial herniation from the expanding mass lesion
Definition
Death
Term
The most common primary brain tumor
Definition
Glioblastomas
Term
Accound for 50% of all gliomas and arise after the age of 50 in most patients. The most malignant of gliomas. The average lifespan after diagnosis is 6 months to 1 year. Younger patients tend to have a better prognosis
Definition
Glioblastoma Multiforme
Term
__ of the cerebellum and brainstem are most common in children under 12. Those in the cerebral hemispheres are seen in children or adults, and those in the spinal cord are seen in adults.
Definition
Ependymomas
Term
Arise from arachnoid cells. Make up 15-20% of all intracranial tumors. They are more common in women, probably related to their tendency to have estrogen and progesterone receptors. They are the only true benign tumor in that they usually do not recur after complete surgical removal.
Definition
Meningioma
Term
Causes of this type of tumor can vary; about 1/6 as common as primary brain tumors.
Definition
Primary Intraspinal Tumors
Term
Primary intraspinal tumors are classified based on the tumor location in the spinal cord. name the 3 classifications
Definition
Intradural-intramedullary tumors
Intradural-extramedullary tumors
Extradural-extramedullary tumors
Term
Primary intraspinal tumors are classified based on the tumor location in the spinal cord. name the 3 classifications
Definition
Intradural-intramedullary tumors
Intradural-extramedullary tumors
Extradural-extramedullary tumors
Term
The effects of these tumors depend on their location. Manifests as spontaneous pain (nerve root), asymmetry of reflexes with nerve root associated pain (insidious onset), motor weakness, and sensory changes
Definition
Primary Intraspinal Tumors
Term
How are primary intraspinal tumors often treated?
Definition
Surgery
Term
Cause of this tumor originates from another metastatic tumor; most common and serious complicatoin of metastatic cancer
Definition
Metastatic Brain Tumors
Term
What is the pathogenesis of metastatic brain tumors?
Definition
-Metastatic tumor cells or emboli reach the brain via an artery; erach the spinal cord via an artery, vein, or direct invasion; after the metastasis has grown in to nourish the tumor and produce the surrounding vasogenic edema
-The most common sources for metastases are lung, breast, colon, melanoma, and renal
-Occult neoplams can also cause brain metastases
Term
The symptoms depend on where the tumor is. General: headache, seizures, and increased ICP; similar to primary brain tumors except progresses more rapidly (days to week). In the motor strip, it can produce hemiparesis or Jacksonian seizures (seizures starting with shaking of the affected extremity followed often, but not always, by a generalized seizure
Definition
Metastatic brain tumors
Term
How are metastatic brain tumors treated?
Definition
Surgery, radiation, corticosteroids. Prognosis is poor
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