Shared Flashcard Set

Details

CNS I
Review
74
Medical
Professional
09/13/2011

Additional Medical Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
Sources of meningitis
Definition
hematogenous and contiguous
Term
What are contigous ways of meningitis spread
Definition
Otitis media
CSF leak
Paravertebral abscess
Sinusitis
Term
What are the Pathogenesis of Bacterial Meningitis
Definition
Nasopharyngeal Colonization -- Local Invasion -- Bacteremia -- Meningeal Invasion -- Bacterial Replication in Subarachnoid Space -- Release of Bacterial Components / Edema
Term
Cause of acute meningitis
Definition
Bacterial
Viral
Term
Cause of subacute/Insidious meningitis
Definition
Cryptococcal
Tuberculous
Neoplastic
Term
Clinical findings of bacterial meningitis
Definition
Fever, Headache, Meningismus, Altered sensorium, Kernig’s sign, Brudzinski’s sign, Vomiting, Seizures, Focal findings, Papilledima
Term
Meningismus
Definition
condition in which the patient shows signs of meningitis but examination reveals no pathologic changes in the meninges
Term
Kernig's sign
Definition
positive when the leg is bent at the hip and knee at 90 degree angles, and subsequent extension in the knee is painful
Term
Brudzinski’s sign
Definition
appearance of involuntary lifting of the legs in meningeal irritation when lifting a patient's head off the examining couch, with the patient lying supine
Term
Papilledima
Definition
optic disc swelling that is caused by increased intracranial pressure
Term
Describe CSF findings of bacterial meningtis
Definition
Opening pressure >180mmH20, Glucose <40 mg/dL, Protein 100-500 mg/dL, WBC >1000/mm3 (mostly neutrophils), Gram stain positive, Culture positive, Antigen detection positive
Term
Common bacteria in neonatal meningitis
Definition
Streptococcus agalactiae (Group B streptococci)
Escherechia coli
Listeria monocytogenes
Term
Common bacteria causing meningitis in age 1-23 mo
Definition
Streptococcus pneumoniae
Neisseria meningitidis
Term
Common bacteria causing meningitis in age 2-18 yrs
Definition
Haemophilus influenzae type b
Neisseria meningitidis
Streptococcus pneumoniae
Term
Common bacteria causing meningitis in age 18-50 yrs
Definition
Streptococcus pneumoniae
Neisseria meningitidis
Haemophilus influenzae
Term
Common bacteria causing meningitis in age > 50yrs
Definition
Streptococcus pneumoniae
Listeria monocytogenes
Term
Predisposing factors for asplenia in bact meningitis
Definition
S. pneumoniae, N. meningitidis
Term
Predisposing factors for Complement deficiency in bact meningitis
Definition
N. meningitidis
Term
Predisposing factors for Corticosteroid use in bact meningitis
Definition
L. monocytogenes, C. neoformans
Term
Predisposing factors for HIV in bact meningitis
Definition
C. neoformans, S. pneumoniae
Term
Predisposing factors for Bacteremia/ Endocarditis in bact meningitis
Definition
S. aureus, Gram neg. rods
Term
Predisposing factors for Cribiform plate fracture in bact meningitis
Definition
S. pneumoniae
Term
Most common cause of meningitis in adults
Definition
Strep pneumonia (47%)
Term
What is Pneumococcal Meningitis associated with
Definition
pneumonia, sinusitis, otitis media, mastoiditis, CSF leak
Term
Risk factors of pneumococcal meningitis
Definition
ETOH, asplenia, multiple myeloma, malnutrition, chronic liver or renal disease, malignancy, and DM
Term
Meningococcal Meningitis is common in which population
Definition
children and young adults
Term
What serogroups of N. meningitidis commonly cause endemic meningococcal meningitis
Definition
serogroups B, C, and Y
Term
What serogroups of N. meningitidis commonly cause epidemic meningococcal meningitis
Definition
serogroups A and C
Term
What serogroups of N. meningitidis commonly associtated with pneumonia
Definition
Serogroup Y
Term
What is typically seen in meningococcal meningitis
Definition
terminal complement deficiencies (C5-C9)
Term
What pop. are typically affected by Listeria mono. meningitis
Definition
Neonates, elderly, alcoholics, immunosuppression
Term
What are the predisposing conditions of Listeria mono. meningitis
Definition
renal insufficiency, DM, liver disease, CVD, iron overload
Term
What is Listeria mono. meningitis outbreak assoc with
Definition
contaminated cheese, milk, cole slaw, salami, raw vegetables
Term
What did the study of dexamethasone (corticosteroid) in relation to meningtis show
Definition
Early treatment with dexamthasone improved the outcome in adults with acute bacterial meningitis
most apparent in pneumococcal meningitis
Term
What are the characteristics of tuberculous meningitis (chronic)
Definition
Ocular palsies (VI), Lymphocytic pleocytosis, CSF with Acis-Fast Bacilli,
Cultures positive
Term
What are the characteristics of C. neoforman meningitis (chronic)
Definition
Fever, headache, Immunosuppression, Lymphocytic pleocytosis, India ink stain positive, Antigen detection
Term
Pleocytosis
Definition
presence of a greater number of cells than normal, as in the CSF
Term
What bact usually cause Lyme meningitis
Definition
Borrelia burgdorferi
Term
What are the characteristics of Lyme meningitis (chronic)
Definition
Borrelia burgdorferi, Occurs 4 weeks after rash, Lymphocytic pleocytosis,
Facial cranial nerve palsies, Headache, Photophobia, nausea, vomiting
Term
What are the typical manifestation of Viral CNS infections
Definition
Meningitis, Encephalitis, Meningoencephalitis
Term
Meningitis
Definition
meningeal inflammation
Term
Encephalitis
Definition
infection of brain parenchyma
Term
Meningoencephalitis
Definition
inflammation of brain and meninges
Term
What viruses commonly cause viral meningitis during summer to fall
Definition
Coxsackie
Echovirus
Non-poliovirus enteroviruses
Term
What viruses commonly cause viral meningitis during winter to spring
Definition
Mumps
Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCM)
Term
What usually cause Mollaret’s meningitis
Definition
HSV
Term
Characteristic of Strep pneumoniae
Definition
Gram +
Diplococci
Catalase -
Facultative Anaerobe
Alpha-hemolytic
Antigenic polysaccharide capsule
84 serotypes of capsule
Toxin: Pneumolysin
Optochin sensitive
No Lancefield antigen
Term
Characteristic of Neisseria meningitidis
Definition
Gram -
Diplococci
Capsule
IgA protase
Extract iron from transferrin
Pilli
Toxin: LPS
Susceptible to neonates
Term
What are the clinical presentation of viral meningitis
Definition
Headache
Fever
Nausea and vomiting
Photophobia
Stiff neck
Term
What are the CSF findings of viral meningitis
Definition
WBC <250 cells/mm3; Mostly lymphocytes
Elevated protein, but <150 mg/dL
Usually normal glucose
Term
What are the CSF findings of viral meningitis
Definition
WBC <250 cells/mm3; Mostly lymphocytes
Elevated protein, but <150 mg/dL
Usually normal glucose
Term
What is the disease process for Lymphocytic Choreomeningitis Virus (LCM)
Definition
Epi contact with rodent -- nonspecific viral symptoms -- brief improvement -- severe headache, photophobia, lightheadedness, back myalgias, and pharyngitis
Term
CSF finding of LCM
Definition
lymphocytic pleocytosis (usually <750/mm3), low glucose
Term
What is Mollaret's meningitis
Definition
Benign recurrent lymphocytic meningitis
Term
Clinical findings of Mollaret's meningitis
Definition
Fever, headache, nuchal rigidity
Symptoms resolve spontaneously in 2-5 days
Most common in young adults
WBC 100’s-1000’s cells/mm3
Term
Encephalitis characteristics
Definition
Involves brain parenychma:
abnormal gait, seizures, paralysis, nystagmus, visual and auditory hallucinations, Severe clouding of consciousness, Fever, Headache, No stiff neck
Term
What is the age group for HSV encephalitis
Definition
Age 5-30 and >50
Term
Which HSV cause 95% of HSV Encephalitis
Definition
HSV-1
Term
Clinical presentation of HSV Encephalitis
Definition
Fever
Personality change, hallucinations, aphasia
Temporal lobe localization
HSV in CSF
Term
Clinical presentation of West Nile Fever
Definition
Fever
Headache
Fatigue
Term
Clinical presentation of West Nile Meningitis
Definition
Headache
Fever
Stiff neck
Term
Clinical presentation of West Nile Encephalitis
Definition
Headache
Altered mental status
Muscle weakness
Decreased reflexes
Paralysis
Low incidence of seizures
Erythematous rash
Lymphopenia
Term
What causes Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy?
Definition
JC Virus; human papillomavirus
Term
Clinical presentation of Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy
Definition
Altered mental status, speech and visual disturbances, ataxia, hemiparesis
Term
Imaging results of pt with PML
Definition
single or multiple confluent hypodense nonenhancing lesions, parieto-occipital white matter
Term
What is brain abscess
Definition
focal intracerebral infection that begins as cerebritis and develops into a collection of pus
Term
Which bacteria cause most brain abscess case
Definition
Streptococci, Anaerobes
Term
What bacteria typically cause brain abscess
Definition
Streptococci, Staphylococcus aureus,
Anaerobes, Enteric GNRs
Term
What fungus typically cause brain abscess
Definition
Cryptococcus neoformans
Aspergillus spp.
Candida spp.
Mucormycosis, dematiaceous fungi
Term
What protozoa typically cause brain abscess
Definition
Toxoplasma gondii
Taenia solium

Toxoplasma gondii
Taenia solium
Term
What are the clinical signs of brain abscess
Definition
Headache, Mental status chance, Focal neurologic deficits, Fever, Triad (fever, headache focal deficit), Seizures, Nausea and vomiting, Nuchal rigidity, Papilledema
Term
What is the most common cerebral mass lesion in AIDS patients
Definition
Toxoplasmosis
Term
Clinical presentation of Toxoplasmosis
Definition
Headache, confusion, fever, lethargy, seizures, hemiparesis, ataxia, cranial nerve palsies
Term
Image results of Toxoplasmosis
Definition
single or multiple contrast enhancing lesions
Supporting users have an ad free experience!