Term
Analgesics: NSAIDs
mild to moderate pain |
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Definition
Celebrex
Advil
Toradol- IV, IM
GI Upset |
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Term
Analgesics: Non-Opioids
mild to moderate pain |
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Definition
Tylenol
Aspirin
GI Upset, Gastric/esoph bld
Adverse: Ototoxic & Hepatotoxic |
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Term
Analygesics: Opioids
Moderate to severe pain |
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Definition
Morphine Sulfate (Duramorph)
Meperidine (Demerol)
const, ↓RR, drowsy
W/drawal |
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Term
Analygesics: Opioid Antagonists
Immed onset, ½ life 60-90 min |
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Definition
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Term
Barbiturates
Anti-Convulsant Agents |
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Definition
Phenobarbital
cerebral cortex
↓HR, ↓ RR, ↓ BP, drowsy |
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Term
Benzodiazepines
Anti-Convulsant Agents |
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Definition
Clonazepam (Klonopin)
nerve cells
↓HR, ↓ RR, ↓ BP, drowsy |
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Term
Succinimides
Anti-Convulsant Agents |
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Definition
Ethosuxzimide
nerve cells
↓HR, ↓ RR, ↓ BP, drowsy, pink urine |
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Term
Miscellaneous
Anti-Convulsant Agents |
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Definition
Valporic Acid (Depakote)
nerve cells,↓Na,↓GABA
↓HR, ↓ RR, ↓ BP, drowsy
SIADH, tinnitus |
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Term
Hydantoins
Anti-Convulsant Agents |
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Definition
Phenytoin (Dilantin)
motor cortex
↓HR, ↓ RR, ↓ BP, drowsy, gingival hyperplasia |
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Term
Iminostilbenes
Anti-Convulsant Agents |
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Definition
Tegretol
motor cortex
↓HR, ↓ RR, ↓ BP, drowsy |
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Term
Skeletal Muscle Relaxants
↓spasms neuromuscular junc; ↓spasticity after spinal cord injuries, strokes, CP, or MS |
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Definition
Soma
Flexeril
Valium
Dizzy, drowsy, disoriented
Monitor for severe weakness or numbness in extremities; lg doses may lead to dependency |
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Term
Neuromuscular Blocking Agents
↓ACH neuromuscular junc; block nerve impulse trans to cause paralysis |
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Definition
Norcuron
Dizzy, drowsy, disoriented |
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Term
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Definition
| blurred vision, dry mouth, constipation, urinary retention |
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Term
Adverse Effects (Extrapyramidal)
Anti-Psychotic Agents |
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Definition
Akathisia (need to move)
Dystonia (twisting/repetitive movemt)
Drug-induced Parkinsonism
Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome (unstable BP, ↑T, sweating) |
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Term
Antipsychotic: Phenothiazines
Block dopamine receptors |
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Definition
Thorazine
Haldol
Anticholinergic effects, extrapyramidal adverse effects, monitor WBC |
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Term
Antipsychotic:Atypical Agents
Block dopamine receptors |
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Definition
Risperdal
Zyprexa
Anticholinergic effects, extrapyramidal adverse effects, monitor WBC |
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Term
| Anti-Depressant Agents: Serotonin-Selective Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs)Also used to treat OCD, anxiety disorders, panic disorders, PTSD; ↑NE/serotonin |
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Definition
Prozac
Zoloft
Paxil
Cymbalta
insomnia, nervousness, takes several wks |
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Term
Anti-Depressant Agents:Tricyclic Antidepressants (TCAs)
↑NE/serotonin |
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Definition
Amitriptyline (Elavil)
drowsy, dizzy, ↓BP, ↑wt, sex dys, anticholinergic SE; takes several wks |
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Term
Anti-Depressant Agents: Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors (MAOIs)
Inhibit MAO to ↑NE |
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Definition
Nardil
drowsy, dizzy, ↓BP,↑wt, sex dys, anticholinergic SE; takes several wks; Interacts w/ tyramine (red wines, aged cheese, liver, fava beans, yogurt, choc) |
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Term
Antacids
Neutralize gastric acid (>pH)
(↑ pH from 1.3 to 3.0) |
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Definition
MOM, TUMS, Maalox, Mylanta
D/C LT use; Shake well; w/ 6-8 oz of water
Interacts w/ ALL PO meds & EC Tabs; sep other meds by 1-2 hr |
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Term
Proton Pump Inhibitors
Blocks action of H+/K+ pump in parietal cells of stomach |
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Definition
Omeprazole
Lansoprazole
Pantoprazole
Esomeprazole
N/V, abd cr; Tabs whole (do not chew)
Interacts w/ ALL PO meds & EC Tabs; sep other meds by 1-2 hr |
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Term
H2 Receptor Antagonists
Block histamine to ↓acid secretion |
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Definition
Famotidine
Ranitidine
N/V, abd cramp; h/a, dizzy, loss of libido
Interacts w/ ALL PO meds & EC Tabs; sep other meds by 1-2 hr |
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Term
Cytoprotective Agents
Stimulate mucus production in GI Tract |
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Definition
Carafate
Cytotec
N/V, abd cramp; Prostaglandin Effect;
CI pregnancy
Interacts w/ ALL PO meds & EC Tabs |
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Term
Adsorbents
Treat Acute Poisoning |
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Definition
Activated Charcoal
Black stools; w/in 30 min |
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Term
Antidiarrheal: Opioids
↓ or inhibit peristalsis
↓stool volume, ↑viscosity, ↓fl/electro loss |
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Definition
Immodium A-D
drowsy, constipation, ↓RR; Interacts w/ CNS depressants; Avoid dairy; bland diet; Call MD if D> 2 days |
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Term
Antidiarrheal:Adsorbents
Bind to bacteria in GI tract & cause soothing effect
↓stool volume, ↑viscosity, ↓fl/electro loss |
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Definition
Pepto-Bismol
Avoid dairy; bland diet; Call MD if D> 2 days |
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Term
Laxative: Bulk-Forming
↑stool mass & water content to promote peristalsis |
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Definition
Metamucil
N/V/D, abd cr; Monitor chronic use; sense abd fullness, intes/esoph obstr; w/ 8 oz water |
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Term
Laxative: Hyperosmotic
Draw water into intestine (hyperosmosis); distention from fl accum promotes peristalsis & BM |
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Definition
Miralax
N/V/D, abd cr; Monitor chronic use
Fl & electro imbalances |
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Term
Laxative: Stool Softener
Form emulsion btwn fat & water to penetrate stool |
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Definition
Colace
N/V/D, abd cr; Monitor chronic use; in milk or fruit juice to mask bitter taste |
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Term
Laxative: Lubricants
Lubricates feces |
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Definition
Mineral Oil
N/V/D, abd cr, Monitor chronic use |
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Term
Laxative: Stimulant
Stimulate peristalsis |
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Definition
Dulcolax
Correctol
N/V/D, abd cr; Monitor chronic use |
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Term
Antiemetic: Phenothiazine
Block dopaminergic receptors in CTZ in brain – for active vomiting |
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Definition
Prochlorperazine (Compazine) Promethazine (Phenergan)–IV, IM, PR, phlebitis; insomnia, h/a, dizzy,
Sensory/perceptual alterations |
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Term
Antiemetics: Serotonin Receptor Antagonist
Block Serotonin stimulation |
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Definition
Zofran
insomnia, h/a, dizzy,
Sensory/perceptual alterations |
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Term
Antiemetics: Anticholinergic
Block ACH release |
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Definition
Scopolamine
insomnia, h/a, dizzy,
Sensory/perceptual alterations; applied behind ear (at least 4-5 hrs b/f antiemetic effect required) |
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Term
Digestive Agents
Treat deficiencies of pancreatic exocrine secretion
Assist with digestion of proteins, carbohydrates, and fats |
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Definition
Pancreatin
Pancrelipase
N/V/adm cr; Admin b/f, w/,after meal |
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Term
Oral Electrolyte Mixtures
Mild to moderate fluid losses |
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Definition
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Term
| Nutritional Supplements-Enteral: PO, GT, NGT-Directly to stomach |
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Definition
Ensure
Ensure Plus
Diarrhea |
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Term
Nutritional Supplements-Parenteral: IV
Proteins (amino acids), fats, glucose, electrolytes, minerals, vitamins |
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Definition
Total Parenteral Nutrition (TPN)
Intralipids (IL)
Phlebitis, Fl overload, Hyperglycemia |
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Term
Fat Soluble Vit
A, D, E treat/prevent deficiencies
K synthesize clotting factors |
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Definition
A: Retinol
D: Cholecalciferol (Calcification)
E: Tocopherol
K: dizzy, chest pain, rash, flushing |
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Term
B1: Thiamine
B2: Riboflavin
B3: Niacin
B6: Pyridoxine
C: Ascorbic Acid |
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Definition
Allergic reactions w/ IV admin
Check liver function, blood glucose levels, & serum uric acid levels |
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Term
Trace Minerals
Supplement nutritional def |
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Definition
Ca, Zinc, Mg (bones/teeth)
Phos, Fluoride, Fe, Iodine |
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Term
Serotonin-Selective
Treat h/a |
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Definition
Sumatriptan
GI upset, dizzy
Teach stress/comfort |
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Term
Anesthetics: General
Depress cerebral, spinal cord func |
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Definition
Propofol
Amidate
↓HR, ↓ RR, ↓ BP, malignant hyperthermia |
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Term
Anesthetics: Local
Interferes w/ nerve trans of pain |
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Definition
Lidocaine
local irritation of skin |
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Term
Amphetamines
↑dopamine/NE secretion |
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Definition
Ritalin
Adderall
hyperact, insomn, restless, talkative
Adverse: palpitations, tachycardia
↓ caffeine |
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Term
Anorexiants
↑dopamine/NE secretion,suppress appetite |
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Definition
Meridia
hyperact, insomn, restless, talkative
Adverse: palpitations, tachycardia
instr re med, diet, & exercise |
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Term
Analeptics
Stimulate CNS control respiration |
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Definition
Caffeine
hyperact, insomn, restless, talkative
Adverse: palpitations, tachycardia
DO NOT “OVERUSE” |
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Term
Parkinson’s Disease
Dopaminergic Therapy
↑dopamine activity brain |
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Definition
Carbidopa-levodopa
Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome (hyperthermia, altered LOC, rigidity, profuse sweating); Monitor BP, RR, (BP↑, RR↓), mental status |
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Term
Alzheimer’s Disease
Cholinesterase Inhibitors
↑ACH cerebral cortex (helps to improve memory) |
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Definition
Aricept
confusion, ataxia, depr, hostility, abn tkg; Adverse: sz, hepatotoxicity; Monitor BP,mental status, liver function (AST, ALT, SGOT, AlkPhos) |
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Term
Anti-Mania
Normalizes release of NE, dopamine, ACH |
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Definition
Lithium = 1.0 to 1.5 mEq/L
Toxicity: confusion, lethargy, slurred speech, sz, fine tremor |
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Term
Antianxiety:
Benzodiazepines
Inhibit GABA, which ↓anxiety lvl |
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Definition
Diazepam, Lorazepam→
Antagonist: Flumazenil
↓RR, ↓HR, ↓BP, drowsy |
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Term
Sedatives:
Barbiturates
Inhibit GABA, which ↓anxiety lvl |
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Definition
Secobarbital (Seconal)
↓RR, ↓HR, ↓BP, drowsy |
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Term
Sedatives:Nondiazepines/Nonbarbiturate
Binds to GABA receptors to produce CNS depression |
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Definition
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Term
Antiflatulent Agents
Produces thin film that collapses gas bubbles in GI Tract |
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Definition
Simethicone
Shake susp; chew tabs |
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