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CNS drugs
drugs
20
Science
11th Grade
05/04/2009

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Cards

Term
Antimetabolites
Definition
most effective against tumors that have a high growth fraction

1. Most common adverse effect- alopecia (baldness), effects skin- photosensitivity and increased skin pigmentation
2. Category D for pregnancy
Term
ii. Vinca Alkaloid- Vincristine
Definition
1. It is a vesicant, cannot be given intrathecally( through spinal cord) , it is given in central line

1. Active in the M phase
Term
iii. Podophyllotoxins- Etoposide
Definition
1. Never give IV push- will cause an anaphylactic reaction, it is an irritant not a vesicant
2. Makes mouth taste lie metal when given orally
Term
iv. Taxanes- Paclitaxel
Definition
1. Given intravenously, black box warning causes a serious anaphylactic reaction, has to be given with Benadryl, it is an irritant
Term
v. Camptothecins (Topoisomerase-1 inhibitors)
Definition
1. Black box warning for myelosuppression, especially neutrophils
Term
i. Alkylating Agents- Cyclophosphamide
Definition
1. Pharmacotherapeutics- broad spectrum of antitumor activity. Used for treatment of both hematologic malignancies and solid tumors; such as breast cancer, lung cancer, endometrial cancer and ovarian cancer. Plays a role in Hodgkins and non Hodgkins lymphoma and multiple myeloma. The only alkylating agent that is effective against acute as well as chronic leukemias

2. Causes cystitis ( inflammation of the bladder), blood in urine
3. It directly damages DNA
Term
ii. Nitrosoureas- Carmustine (BCNU)
Definition
1. Inhibits DNA repair
2. Causes pancytopenia (reduction or WBC and RBC)
3. Used for brain tumors- crosses blood brain barrier
Term
iii. Antitumor Antibiotics- Doxorubin (adriamycin)
Definition
1. Black box warning: heart muscle damage and extravasation injury, it is cardiotoxic
2. Turns urine red 1-2 days after administration
Term
iii. Antitumor Antibiotics- Doxorubin (adriamycin)
Definition
1. Black box warning: heart muscle damage and extravasation injury, it is cardiotoxic
2. Turns urine red 1-2 days after administration
Term
iv. Hormone and Hormone Antaonists- Tamoxifen
Definition
1. Antiestrogen- it is used to treat breast cancer
2. Black box warning- increased risk of endometrial cancer and thromboembolic events ( stroke and PE)
Term
i. Alpha 1
Definition
blood vessels, sympathetic receptors
Term
ii. Alpha 2
Definition
CNS, effects neurotransmitter levels
Term
iii. Beta 1
Definition
heart (agonist), increase contractility and strength, increase heart rate
Term
iv. Beta 2
Definition
bronchi of the lung, broncho dialation, agonist
Term
i. Catecholeamines
Definition
1. Epinephrine, Norepinephrine, isoproterenol, dopamine, dobutamine
a. Short half life
b. Cant be administered orally (usually IV)
c. Do not cross blood brain barrier
Term
ii. Noncatecholamines
Definition
1. They include ephedrine, amphetamine, phenylephrine, methoxamine and metaraminol
Term
i. Why is epinephrine a vesicant and how can this effect be reversed?
Definition
1. Epinephrine is a vesicant because it cuases tissue necrosis, the reversal agent is phenotolamine (an alpha antagonist)
Term
why is phenylephrine added to many OTC cold medicines
Definition
1. It’s a decongestant, causes vaso constriction
Term
iii. How is Dopamine administered
Definition
1. Given IV in a monitored setting
Term
iv. What is the pregnancy category of nicotine
Definition
1. Pregnancy category D
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