Term
|
Definition
| major inhibitory neurotransmitters of the brain |
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|
Term
| change the structrue of the GABA protein |
|
Definition
| What do barbiturates do to the GABA receptor when they bind to it? |
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|
Term
| positive allosteric modulator |
|
Definition
| Alcohol is a _____________ that makes it easier for GABA to bind to its site. |
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Term
|
Definition
| What are ultra short-acting barbiturates used for? |
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Term
|
Definition
| This ultra-short-acting barbiturate has a half life of 12 hr, but the effects last only 5-8 min. |
|
|
Term
| Ultra shor acting barbiturates |
|
Definition
Thiopental
Thimylal
Methylhexital |
|
|
Term
| Short-to-intermedicate-acting barbiturates |
|
Definition
| These are too dangerous to prescribe for an outpatient indication and can produce super-additive effects if administered with other CNS depressants. |
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|
Term
| Short- to- intermediate- acting barbiturates |
|
Definition
Secobarbital (seconal)- t 1/2= 15-40 hrs
Pentobarbital (Nembutal)- t 1/2= 15-50 hrs |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| these are used as an anticonvulsant, prescribed in a pt population that monitors meds carefully, #1 SE is sedation. |
|
|
Term
| Phenobarbital (Luminal)- t 1/2= 80-120 hr |
|
Definition
| Name an example of a long-acting barbiturate |
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Term
|
Definition
| With repeated administration, barbiturates actually enhance their own metabolism. This is called __________ |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| The rate of distribution of barbiturates depends on their _________ |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| metabolism of barbiturates can be altered by induction of _________ |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| Barbiturates bind to a specific site on_______ receptors. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| At large concentrations, what can barbiturates do to GABAα receptors? |
|
|
Term
induction of anesthesia
treatment of some forms of epilepsy |
|
Definition
| Clinical uses of barbiturates |
|
|
Term
- sedation
- Respiratory depression
- tolerance
- dependance
- abuse |
|
Definition
| Side effects of barbiturates |
|
|
Term
- additive effects with other CNS depressants
- induction of hepatic enzymes can accelerate metabolism of other drugs |
|
Definition
| Interactions of barbiturates: |
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Term
|
Definition
| allosteric modulators with their own binding sites on the gaba receptors. |
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Term
|
Definition
| a side effect of benzos where you can't remember things you did while on it |
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|
Term
|
Definition
Midazolam (Versad)
Triazolam (Halcion) |
|
|
Term
| Midazolam (Versad) t1/2= 2hr |
|
Definition
| this short acting benzo has a pediactric version in the form of a lollipop. its a preanestetic. |
|
|
Term
| Triazolam (Halcion) t1/2= 3 hr |
|
Definition
| This short acting benzo is used for sleep onset disorder and off-label for third molar extraction. |
|
|
Term
| Intermediate- acting benzos |
|
Definition
Lorazepam (ativan)
oxazepam (serax)
temazepam (restoril)
alprazolam (xanax)
Chlordiazepoxide (librium) |
|
|
Term
| Larazepam (Ativan) t 1/2= 14hr |
|
Definition
| this intermediate acting benzo is the most water soluable benzo. It's easiest to give by IV and used for grand mal seizures. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| this intermediate acting benzo is used for situational anxiety and has a t1/2 of 8 hr |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| this intermediate acting benzo has a t 1/2 of 11 hours and is used for sleep maintenance |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| this intermediate acting benzo has a t1/2 of 12 hr and is aprroved for anxiety and depression |
|
|
Term
| Chlordiazepoxide (librium) |
|
Definition
| this intermediate acting benzo was the first one invented, and has a t 1/2 of 10 hours |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Flurazepam (dalmane)
Diazepam (valium)
Clonazepam (Klonopin) |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| this long acting benzo has a t1/2 of 74 hours and isn't really used... |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
this long acting benzo has a t 1/2 of 43hr. it is one of the first anxiolytics, and it is hard to inject
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|
|
Term
|
Definition
this long acting benzo has a t 1/2 of 23 hr and is used for many psychiatric indications including schizophrenia.
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|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Metabolism of benzos can cause the formation of _________ |
|
|
Term
temazepam
oxazepam
lorazepam |
|
Definition
| Persons with liver problems should take benzos such as __________, ____________, and __________ that do not need to be extensively metabolized |
|
|
Term
| activate the GABAA receptor directly |
|
Definition
| Benzos are safer than barbiturates because they can not ______ |
|
|
Term
anxiolytic
sedative
muscle relaxant
anticonvulsant
induction of anesthesia |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
CNS depression
anterograde amnesia
respiratory depression
tolerance
dependance
abuse potential |
|
Definition
| Adverse effects of Benzos: |
|
|
Term
| additive effects with other CNS depressants |
|
Definition
| Drug interactions of Benzos |
|
|
Term
| generalized anxiety disorder |
|
Definition
| persistent state of heightened anxiety with increased levels of motor tension and autonomic hyperactivity |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| recurrent, discrete periods of sudden and intense fear or discomfort accompanied by autonomic arousal |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| This treatment for an anxiety disorder has immediate anxiolytic effects |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the only benzo marked for panic disorder |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| This treatment for an anxiety disorder is a serotonin type 1A agonist. it is not effective in treating panic disorder |
|
|
Term
| antidepressants- SSRIs, tricyclics, MAO inhibitors |
|
Definition
| first treatment of choice for panic disorder |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| used to prevent performance anxiety |
|
|
Term
stress
aging
illness
drugs/alcohol
sleep cycle disruption (jet lag) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Tiazolam- t1/2=3 hr
Flurazepam- t1/2= 74 hr
Temazepam (Restoril)- t1/2= 11 hr |
|
Definition
| Benzos used to treat insomnia |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| These phamacologically and mechanistically are benzos b/c they work at the benzo receptor on a particular confirmation of the GABA receptor that we believe responsible for sleep. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
zolpidem (ambien)- t1/2= 2 hr
zaleplon (sonata)- t1/2= 1 hr
eszopiclone (lunesta) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| This treatment for insomnia should never be used, some older MDs still prescribe, but this drug is distrubited very unevenly. What Anna Nicole Smith OD'ed on |
|
|
Term
| antihistamines ex: hydroxyzine |
|
Definition
| This treatment for insomnia can be found in any over the counter sleep aid |
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Term
|
Definition
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