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CNS Depressants
CNS Depressants
23
Pharmacology
Undergraduate 1
10/10/2010

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Term
Class: Sedatives and hypnotics
Definition
A class of CNS depressants that depress physical and mental responses but do not alter consciousness.
Subgroups of sedatives and hypnotics include:
- Barbituates
- Benzodiazapines
- Nonbenzodiazapines
- Piperinediones (not popular)
- chloral hydrate
Note: These drugs should not be discontinued abruptly and should not be taken with alcohol, as respiratory depression occurs
Term
CNS Depressants
Definition
Drugs that inhibit, block, or degrade the neurotransmitters seratonin, dopamine, and norepinephrine

Includes:
sedative and hypnotics
Anasthetics
Term
Subclass: Barbituates
Definition
Class: Sedative and hypnotics
Drugs categories include:
-long acting (ie phenobarbital)
- intermediate acting (ie amobarbital (amytal))
- Short acting (ex. Secobarbital (seconal), and pentobarbital (Nembutal))
- Ultra short acting (Teopental Sodium (pentotal) for general anasthesia)
Term
Drug: Phenobarbital
Definition
Class: Sedative and hypnotic
Subclass: Barbituates
Type: long acting barbituate
Term
Drug: Amytal
Definition
Generic: Amobarbital
Class: Sedative and hypnotic
Subclass: Barbituates
Type: Intermediate acting barbituate
Term
Drug: Seconal
Definition
Generic: Secobarbital
Class: Sedative and hypnotic
Subclass: Barbituates
Type: Short acting barbituate
Term
Drug: Nembutal
Definition
Generic: Phenobarbital
Class: Sedative and hypnotic
Subclass: Barbituates
Type: Short acting barbituate
Term
Drug: Pentothal
Definition
Generic: Theopental sodium
Class: Sedative and hypnotic
Subclass: Barbituates
Type: UltraShort acting barbituate
Use: for general anasthesia
Term
Class Type: Long acting barbituates
Definition
Drugs include: Phenobarbital
Term
Class Type: Intermediate acting barbituates
Definition
Drugs include: Amobarbital (Amytal)
Term
Class Type: Short acting barbituates
Definition
Drugs include:
Secobarbital (seconal)
Pentobarbital(Nembutal)
Term
Class Type: Ultra short acting barbituates
Definition
Drugs include: Teopental sodium (Pentothal)
Uses: for general anasthesia
Term
Subclass: Benzodiazepines
Definition
Class: Sedative and hypnotics
Note: should not be used longer than 4 weeks as a hypnotic
Include drugs:
Chlorodiazepoxide (Librium)
Lorazepam (Ativan)
Diazepam (Valium)
Term
Drug: Librium
Definition
Generic: Chlorodiazepoxide
Class: Sedative and hypnotic
Subclass: Benzodiazapine
Note: should not be used longer than 4 weeks as a hypnotic
Term
Drug: Ativan
Definition
Generic: Lorazepam
Class: Sedative and hypnotic
Subclass: Benzodiazapine
Note: should not be used longer than 4 weeks as a hypnotic
Term
Drug: Valium
Definition
Generic: Diazepam
Class: Sedative and hypnotic
Subclass: Benzodiazapine
Note: should not be used longer than 4 weeks as a hypnotic
Term
Subclass: Nonbenzodiazabines
Definition
Class: Sedative and hypnotics
Note: Usually given for short term treatments under 10 days
Include drugs:
Zolpidem (Ambien)
Term
Ambien
Definition
Generic: Zolpidem
Class: Sedative and hypnotic
Subclass: Nonbenzodiazapine
Note: Usually given for short term treatments under 10 days
Term
Subclass: Piperinediones
Definition
Class: Sedative and Hypnotics
Note: not popular
Drugs include: Gluthermide
Term
Drug: Gluthermide
Definition
Generic: n/a
Class: Sedative and hypnotic
Subclass: Piperidiones
Note: Not popularly used
Term
Subclass: Chloral Hydrate
Definition
Class: Sedative and Hypnotics
Uses: CNS depressant Effective in older adults, has less hangover and respiratory depression
Drugs Include: n/a
Term
Class: Anasthetics
Definition
CNS Depressant especially important in surgery.
Principles of Balanced anasthesia apply
Term
Balanced Anasthesia
Definition
A regimen of drugs including:
1. Hypnotic
- ie chloral hydrate
2. Pre-medication:
- Medazolam (Versed) for induction of anasthesia
- Atropine- To decrease secretions
3. Ultra-short acting barbituate to induce general anasthesia:
- ie Thiopental sodium (Pentothal)
4. Inhaled gas-nitrous oxide or oxigen
5. Muscle relaxant if needed
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