• Automobile accidents
• Brain attacks (strokes)
• Suddenly feeling weak
• Fainting and falling

Airway      : obstructed or unobstruced

Breathing  : is the victim able to breathe

Circulation : is the heart beating, is there bleeding

Head-Tilt Chin Maneuver.

Part of the CPR when the patient stops breathing, his respiration should be sustained by artificial means to prevent brain damage and other complication

Risk : disease transmission 

pocket mask

The mask has special valve that prevents the patient's exhaled air and secretions from entering the caregiver's mouth.

21% oxygen

You do not use  all the oxygen you take in when you breathe, you exhale extra oxygen, so there is more than enough for the patient to use during mask to mouth resuscitation.

1. Rescuer's choice
2. Jaw clenched tight
3. When resuscitating in deep water
4. Major mouth/jaw injuries

1. Sealed around the stoma
2. The stoma or tube is not block
3. Close over the mouth and nose to prevent air escaping
4. Distension of the stomach

• Between the lungs in the middle of the chest. It is place slightly towards the left of the sternum (breastbone). 
• There is a double layered membrane that covers the heart called the pericardiumThe outer layer of the pericardium is attached to spinal column, diaphragm and others parts of the inner body through ligaments. 
• The heart muscles are covered with the inner layer of pericardium

pericardium

• No response from the victim
• No breathing can be detected
• No pulse

Place two fingers at the sterum (the spot where the lower ribs meet) then put the heel of your other hand next to your fingers.

Place one hand on top of the ather and interlace the fingers. Lock you elbow and using your body's weight, compress the victim's chest.

Depht of cmpression should ve approximately 1½ to 2 inches.

Remember : 2 hands 2 inches

1. One rescuer does chest compressions
2. Other checks for pulse and breathing and give ventilations
3. Switch positions and roles about every 2 minutes; try to complete the switch in 5 seconds or less
4. Roles about 2 minutes;try to complete the switch in 5 second or less

• Same with adult : 30 compression to 2 ventilations
• For two rescuers use 15:2 ratio of cmpressions to breaths
• Breaths are given with the rescuer's mouth covering the infants's nose.
• Compress about one-third to one-half the depth of the chest. Do not compress over the xiphoid process.

Shock 

• Any  severe injury
• cardiac arrest
• acute hemorrhage
• severe pain
• excessive loss of body fluids (as in severe burns)
• serious infection

• Overweight
• Smoke
• Have atherosclerosis (ASHD)
• Remain immobile for long periods
• Are older
• Have diabetes
• Have a history of heart disease

Transient attacts of disturbed brain function, occurs when one or more of the following is present :

• An altered state of consciousness, momentary or prolonged
• Convulsive uncontrolled movements
• Disturbances of feeling or behavior

Seizures (convulsions, epilepsy)

Seizures or convulsions are sometimes seen when there is 

• Drug overdose
• Head injury
• Degenerative brain disease
• Stroke
• Onfectious disease and fevers
• Tumors
• Hypoglycemic reactions

Signs and symptoms of seizures in form which :

• The sensory awarness or aura may be in the form of lights, sounds or aromas and is part of the seizures
• consciousness is lost
• the person falls
• the person becomes rigid
• uncontrolled voluntary movements occur
• frothing at the mouth occurs
• the person vecomes cyanotic
• the person loses control of bladder and/or bowel function