Only an osteotome can cut bone. Rasps and planers are designed to shave or file the surface of the bone to desired smoothness. Forceps are for grasping.

Which of the following instruments is used for cutting bone?

a. rasp

b. osteotome

c. planer

d. fixator

BNP refers to brain natriuretic peptide, a substance whose elevated plasm levels are indicative of congestive heart failure (CHF), of which shortness of breath is a common symptom.

Which of these presenting symptoms might result in a BNP being ordered?

a. pyuria

b. hematemesis

c. shortness of breath

d. epistaxis

The heart's typical response to ischemia is:

a. sudden cardiac arrest

b. accumulation of fluid around the heart

c. distended neck veins

d. chest pain

Organisms that cause infections, such as viruses adn bacteria, are:

a. toxins

b. pathogens

c. venoms

d. parasites

The body perceives any foreign substance to be an antigen in which it then produces antibodies.

When the body's immune system detects an antigen, the resonse is to:

a. decrease the blood glucose

b. increase the blood glucose

c. release epinephrine

d. produce antibodies

Transverse incision. Also called Pfannenstiel incision.

Which of the following is used to describe th eincision utilized in a routine cesarean section?

a. low-transverse

b. transabdominal

c. subcostal

d. periumbilical

In ultrasonagraphy, which term would be used to describe material that produces sound waves of higher amplitude than the surrounding structures?

a. hyperresonant

b. hyporesonant

c. hyperechoic

d. hypoechoic

Beta agonists relax smooth muscle in the airways.

Which of the following would be prescribed for an asthma patient?

a. proton pump inhibitor

b. beta agonist

c. calcium channel blocker

d. ACE inhibitor

Neurosurgery. It's drilled and afixed to the skull for radiologic mapping of brain regions to diagnose and manage abnormal movements through using electrodes.

A stereotaxic fram is used in:

a. Arthroscopy

b. Neurosurgery

c. Cardiovascular surgery

d. Obstetrics

Debridement of tissue involves cleaning an area. Often used with "irrigation" as in "irrigation and debridement" or I&D.

Debridement consists of:

a. bringing raw wound edges into alignment

b. occlusion of open and bleeding vessels

c. removal of infected and devitalized tissue

d. reopening of an improperly healed wound

When the heart suddenly doubles or triples the number of systolic beats per minute, the condition is known as:

a. paroxysmal atrial tachycardia

b. mitral stenosis

c. heart attack

d. sinus bradycardia

Which word would describe the "vehicle" by which an infectious agent is transferred from an infected, to a susceptible host?

a. endemic

b. vector

c. pathogen

d. pandemic

The gland that controls functional maturation of lymphocytes is the:

a. pituitary

b. thymus

c. adrenal

d. thyroid

Ureteral calculi. Stone basketing extracts stones, or calculi, from the ureters. Often done with uteroscopy are urietel balloon dilation.

The term "basketing" is most commonly used in reference to treatment of which clinical finding?

a. ureteral calculi

b. atherosclerosis

c. cholecystitis

d. rotary cuff tear