Term
| Communication Apprehension |
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Definition
| A fear or anxiety pertaining to the communication process. |
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Term
| Intercultural Communication Apprehension |
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Definition
| A fear or anxiety pertaining to communication with people from different backgrounds |
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Term
| Interpersonal Communication |
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Definition
| The process of message transaction between two people to create and sustain shared meaning. |
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Term
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Definition
| when used to describe interpersonal communication an ongoing, unending, vibrant activity that always changes |
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Term
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Definition
| The transaction of verbal and nonverbal messages being sent between two people. |
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Definition
| what communicators create together through the use of verbal and nonverbal messages. |
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Definition
| Visual, simplified expressions of complex relationships in the communication process |
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Term
| Linear Model of Communication |
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Definition
| a characterization of communication as a one-way process that transmit a message from a sender to a receiver. |
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Definition
| The source of the message |
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Definition
| Spoken, written or unspoken information sent from a sender to a receiver. |
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Definition
| The intended target of a message |
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Definition
| A pathway through which a message is sent |
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Term
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Definition
| Anything that interferes with accurate transmission or reception of a message. |
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Term
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Definition
| Any stimuli outside of a sender or receiver that interfere with the transmission or reception of a message. |
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Term
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Definition
| Biological influences on a sender or receiver that interfere with the transmission or reception of a message. |
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Term
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Definition
| Biases, prejudices and feelings that interfere with the accurate transmission or reception of a message. Also called internal noise. |
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Term
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Definition
| occurs when senders and receivers apply different meanings to the same message. Semantic noise may take the form of jargon, technical language and other words and phrases that are familiar to the sender by are not understood by the receiver. |
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Term
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Definition
| the environment in which a message is sent |
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Term
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Definition
| The tangible environment in which communication occurs |
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Definition
| The cultural environment in which communication occurs. |
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Definition
| The relational and emotional environment in which communication ocurs |
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Definition
| A type of context in which messages are understood in relationship to previously sent messages |
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Term
| Interactional model of communication |
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Definition
| A characterization of communication as a two-way process in which a message is sent from sender to receiver and from receiver to sender. |
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Term
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Definition
| A verbal or nonverbal response to a message |
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Definition
| The feedback we give ourselves when we assess our own communication |
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Term
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Definition
| The feedback we receive from other people |
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Term
| Transactional Model of Communication |
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Definition
| A characterization of communication as the reciprocal sending and receiving of messages. In a transactional encounter, the sender and receiver do not simply send meaning from one to the other and then back again; rather they build shared meaning through simultaneous sending and receiving. |
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Term
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Definition
| The influence of a person's culture, past experiences, personal history and heredity on the communication process. |
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Term
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Definition
| Negotiable rules that indicate what two relational partners expect and allow when they talk to each other |
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Term
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Definition
| The ways in which the particular relationship of two relational partners stands apart from other relationships they experience. |
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Definition
| The process of gaining information about ourselves in an effort to tap our full potential, our spontaneity, and our talents and to cultivate our strengths and eliminate our shortcomings. |
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Definition
| The fact that our communication with others cannot be "unsaid" or reversed |
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Term
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Definition
| The study of signs and symbols in relation to their form and content |
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Definition
| Arbitrary labels or representations (such as words) for feelings, concepts, objects or events |
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Definition
| A prescribed guide that indicates what behavior is obligated, preferred, or prohibited in certain contexts. |
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Definition
| The verbal and nonverbal information contained in a message that indicates the topic of the message |
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Term
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Definition
| The information contained in a message that indicates how the sender wants the receiver to interpret the message. |
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Term
| Dark Side of Interpersonal Communication |
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Definition
| Negative communication exchanges between people such as manipulation, deceit, and verbal aggression |
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Term
| Bright Side of Interpersonal Communication |
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Definition
| Altruistic, supportive and affirming communication exchanges between people. |
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Term
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Definition
| The perceived rightness or wrongness of an action or behavior, determined in large part by society. |
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Definition
| An ethical system, based on the work of philosopher Immanuel Kant, that advances the notion that individuals follow moral absolutes. The underlying tenet in this ethical system suggests that we should act as an example to others. |
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Term
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Definition
| An ethical system, developed by John S. Mill, that suggests that what is ethical will bring the greatest good for the greatest number of people. In this system, consequences of moral actions, especially maximizing satisfaction and happiness, are point. |
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Definition
| An ethical system, articulated by Aristotle, that proposes a person's moral virtue stands between two vices, with the middle, or mean, being the foundation for a rational society. |
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Definition
| An ethical system, based on the concepts of Carol Gilligan, that is concerned with the connections among people and the moral consequences of decisions |
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Definition
| An ethical system, conceptualized by Thomas Nilsen, underscoring the belief that communication is ethical to extent that it maximizes our ability to exercise free choice. In this system, information should be given to others in a noncoercive way so that people can make free and informed decisions |
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Term
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Definition
| The ability to communicate with knowledge, skills and thoughtfulness |
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Term
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Definition
| The acceptance of another person as an equal partner in achieving meaning during communication. |
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Term
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Definition
| The process of using our sense to understand and respond to stimuli. The perception process occurs in four stages: attending and selecting, organizing, interpreting and retrieving. |
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Term
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Definition
| The first stage of the perception process, requiring us to use our visual, auditory, tactile, and olfactory sense to respond to stimuli in our interpersonal environment. |
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Term
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Definition
| Having the ability to engage our senses so that we are observant and aware of our surroundings. |
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Term
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Definition
| Directing our attention to certain stimuli while ignoring other stimuli |
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Term
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Definition
| The second stage of the perception process, in which we place what are often a number of confusing pieces of information into an understandable, accessible and orderly arrangement. |
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Definition
| A mental framework or memory structure that we rely on to understand experience and to guide our future behavior in relationships. |
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Definition
| Categorizing individuals according to a fixed impression, whether positive or negative, of an entire group to which they belong. |
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Definition
| The third stage of the perception process, in which we assign meaning to what we perceive. |
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Term
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Definition
| The fourth and final stage of the perception process, in which we recall information stored in our memories |
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Term
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Definition
| Recalling information that agrees with our perceptions and selectively forgetting information that does not. |
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Term
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Definition
| THe biological make-up of an individual (male or female). |
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Term
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Definition
| The learned behaviors a culture associates with being a male or female, known as masculinity or femininity. |
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Term
| Gender Role Socialization |
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Definition
| The process by which women and men learn the gender roles appropriate to their sex. This process affects the way the sexes perceive the world. |
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Term
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Definition
| A mental framework we use to process and categorize beliefs, ideas, and events as either masculine or feminine in order to understand and organize our world. |
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Definition
| A relatively stable set of perceptions we hold of ourselves |
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Term
| Symbolic Interactionism Theory |
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Definition
| The theory that our understanding of ourselves and of the world is shaped by our interactions with those around us. |
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Definition
| Our understanding of who we are. |
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Term
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Definition
| An evaluation of who we perceive ourselves to be. |
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Definition
| A prediction or expectation about our future behavior that is likely to come true because we believe it and thus act in ways that make it come true. |
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Term
| Identity Management Theory |
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Definition
| The theory that explains the manner in which you handle your "self" in various circumstances; includes competency, identity and face. |
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Term
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Definition
| The image of the self we choose to present to others in interpersonal encounters |
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Term
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Definition
| Our desire to be liked by significant others in our lives and have them confirm our beliefs, respect our abilities and value what we value |
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Term
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Definition
| Our desire that others refrain from imposing their will on us, respect our individuality and our uniqueness and avoid interfering with our actions or beliefs. |
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Term
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Definition
| Actively thinking about and controlling our public behaviors and actions. |
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Term
| implicit personality theory |
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Definition
| The theory that we rely on a set of a few characteristics to draw inferences about others and use these inferences as the basis of our communication with them. |
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Term
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Definition
| Matching like qualities with each other to create an overall perception of someone or something. |
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Term
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Definition
| Occurs when we place qualities (e.g. warm, sensitive, and intelligent) together. |
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Term
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Definition
| Occurs when we group negative qualities (e.g. unintelligent, rude, and temperamental) together. |
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Definition
| A theory that explains how we create explanations or attach meaning to another person's behavior or our own. |
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Term
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Definition
| A unique personal frame for viewing life and life's events. |
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Term
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Definition
| A piece of information that is verifiable by direct observation |
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Term
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Definition
| A conclusion derived from a fact, but it does not reflect direct observation or experience. |
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Term
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Definition
| The critical internal structure that orients us to and engages us with what matters in our lives: our feelings about ourselves and others. Emotion encompasses both the internal feelings of one person (for instance, anxiety or happiness) as well as the feelings that can be experienced only in a relationship (for instance, jealousy or competitiveness). |
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Term
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Definition
| An attribute of emotion that refers to whether the emotion reflects a positive or negative feeling |
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Definition
| An attribute of emotion that refers to whether the emotion implies action or passivity. |
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Definition
| An attribute of emotion that refers to how strongly an emotion is felt. |
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Term
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Definition
| A way of thinking that constructs polar opposite categories to encompass the totality of a thing. Dualism prompts us to think about things in an "either-or" fashion. |
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Definition
| The process of transferring emotions from one person to another. |
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Definition
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Definition
| Talking about an emotional experience |
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Term
| Communicating Emotionally |
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Definition
| Communicating such that the emotion is not the content of the message but rather a property of it. |
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Term
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Definition
| The ways in which an emotional experience impacts communication behavior. |
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Definition
| Emotion felt about experiencing another emotion |
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Term
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Definition
| The cultural norms used to create and react to emotional expressions. |
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Definition
| An icon that can be typed on a keyboard to express emotions; used to compensate for the lack of nonverbal cues in computer-mediated communication. |
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Term
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Definition
| Verbally taking responsibility for our own thoughts and feelings |
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Definition
| A message phrased to show we understand that our feelings belong to us and aren't caused by someone else. |
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Definition
| To change something that has a negative connotation to something with a more positive connotation (e.g., a problem can become a concern or a challenge can become an opportunity) |
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