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Definition
| An individual who leave the primary culture context in which he or she was raised and moves to a new cultural context for an extended period of time |
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| Type of voluntary migrant in which these people leave for another cultural context for a short amount of time and for a specific purpose |
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| A type of voluntary migrant in which people move to a new cultural context to settle down permanently |
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| Type of involuntary migrant in which a person is forced to relocate because of war, famine, and oppression; this is always permanent but can last at least a decade |
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| Type of involuntary migrant in which people are forced to leave home for a short amount of time |
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Term
1. Assimilation
2. Separation
A. Voluntary
B. Involuntary (segregation)
3. Integration
4. Marginalization |
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Definition
| Steps to relating to a new culture |
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| Janet Bennett's transition model |
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Definition
| She argues that culture shock is just like any other "adult transition"; ex: moving to a new country is as big of a transition as starting college |
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| A strategy to cope with a new situation, being hesitant or withdrawn from the new environment (transition model) |
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| A trial-and-error approach to coping with a new situation (transition model) |
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| A relatively short-term feeling of disorientation, of discomfort due to the unfamiliarity of surroundings and the lack of familiar clues in the environment |
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| Stresses that the primary characteristic of relationships in intercultural adaptation is ambiguity (uncertainty reduction theory) |
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Definition
| Inability to predict what someone will say or do |
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Definition
| Inability to explain why people behave as they do |
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Definition
| The integrative approach emphasizes the importance of __________________. |
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Definition
| Sverre Lysgaard's theory that poses that migrants go through fairly predictable phases (excitement/anticipation, shock/disorientation, adjustment) when adapting to a new culture |
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1. excitement/anticipation
2. shock/disorientation
3. adjustment |
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Definition
| Sverre Lysgaard's steps to adaption |
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Definition
| Theory of cultural adaptation that suggests that sojourners experience another U curve upon returning home |
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Term
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Definition
| Research approach that seeks in-depth explanations of human experiences |
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Term
1. realize that your cultural assumptions were wrong
2. make sense of the new cultural patterns
3. coming to understand new information |
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Definition
| Chen's adaptation process |
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Term
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Definition
| This type of behavior is learned by implicit social norms; not spoken of, just known; reinforce, substitute, or contradict verbal behaviors |
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| Expectancy Violations Theory |
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Definition
| view violations either positively or negatively depending on context and behavior |
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Term
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Definition
| Mirroring – create a social bond |
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Term
| Physical appearance (beauty) |
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Definition
| A nonverbal cue that is defined by each culture differently |
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Definition
| Cultural norms for personal space |
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Definition
| Culture characterized by standing closer together, more direct eye contact, face-to-face body orientations, touch, louder voices (South American, Middle East, Northern Europe) |
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Definition
| Culture characterized by having more personal space between others during social interaction (Great Britain, Japan) |
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Definition
| Vocal behaviors and vocalizations (saying um, er, uh, etc); there are few vocal behaviors that are indicative of emotions universally |
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Definition
| Concept of time and rules that govern its use |
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Definition
| Commodity, time is linear |
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Definition
| More holistic, more circular, personal relationships may take priority over tasks |
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| Internet, chat rooms, Facebook, etc. |
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Definition
| Postmodern cultural spaces |
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Definition
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Definition
| Study of structure, or grammar |
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Definition
| How meaning is constructed in relation to receivers, how language is actually used in particular contexts in language communities |
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Definition
| Study of the sound system |
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Definition
| Perception is not shaped by the particular language we speak |
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Definition
| The particular language we speak determines our thought patterns, our perceptions of reality and other important cultural components (Sapir-Whorf hypothesis) |
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Term
| High context communication |
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Definition
| Style of communication in which much of the information is contained in the contexts and nonverbal cues rather than expressed explicitly in words |
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| Low context communication |
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Definition
| Style of communication in which much of the information is conveyed in words rather than in nonverbal cues and contexts |
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Term
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Definition
| What is the opposite of a nominalist? |
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Term
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Definition
| What is the term to describe when you are discriminated against because, for example, you have a Hispanic last name or you speak with a Southern accent |
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Definition
| Social forces that place people into a specific identity |
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Definition
| A process of an individual portraying him or herself, verbally or nonverbally |
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Definition
| Process by which others attribute identities to an individual |
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Definition
| the sense of self as independent and self-reliant |
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| Social Science Perspective |
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Definition
| Identity created in part by the self and in part in relation to group membership; the self is created of multiple identities |
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Definition
| The ways by which individuals attempt to control the impressions others have on them |
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| Identity Negotiation Theory |
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Definition
| emphasizes the process of communicating one's own desired identities while reinforcing or resisting others' identities |
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| sense of self as always connected to family and others |
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| sense of connectedness to others and higher meanings in life |
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Definition
| Internalization of the values and norms of the dominant group |
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Term
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Definition
| This occurs due to lack of exploration |
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Definition
| Move from blaming minority culture for its own problems and realizing that dominant culture has contributed to these problems |
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Term
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Definition
| redefine their identity in a way that recognizes their privilege and works to eliminate oppression & inequities |
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Term
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Definition
| You have a strong sense of who you but you allow other cultures within your culture |
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| Resistance and separation |
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Definition
| a period of dissonance with the dominant culture/separation from the dominant culture |
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Term
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Definition
| achieved identity; strong sense of own group identity and an appreciation of other culture groups |
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Term
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Definition
| accept, either consciously or unconsciously, the ideology of the dominant culture |
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