Term
| Four ways that Effective Oral Language can Influence Your Audience are: |
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Definition
1. It can influence how listeners see subjects.
2. It can influence how listeners feel about those subjects.
3. It can influence how listeners identify with one another.
4. It can influence how listeners act. |
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Term
| What are the 6 C's of language use? |
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Definition
1. clarity
2. color
3. concreteness
4. correctness
5. conciseness
6. cultural sensitivity |
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Term
| From the 6 C's of language use, explain Clarity: |
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Definition
-if your words are not clear, listeners cannot understand your meaning. Use words to convey your idea as precisely and simply as possible.
-jargon can impair clarity: "technical language that is specific to a profession"
-one way to achieve clarity is through amplification: rephrase ideas, use examples |
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Term
| From the 6 C's of language use, explain color: |
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Definition
-"emotional intensity or vividness of language"
-paint a picture, move them to action
-colorful language enhances your ethos by increasing your attractiveness |
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Term
| From the 6 C's of language use, explain concreteness: |
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Definition
-do not use abstract language
-the more concrete your language, the more precise the information you convey
-concrete words are easier for listeners to remember |
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Term
| From the 6 C's of language use, explain correctness: |
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Definition
-mistakes in grammar take away from credibility (makes you seem uneducated about topic)
-"thesaurus syndrome": DO NOT find a replacement for simple words; sometimes they have different meanings
-malapropisms: confusions with words that sound similar |
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Term
| From the 6 C's of language use, explain conciseness: |
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Definition
-present points quickly and effectively
-may seem contradictory, but you must be concise even when amplifying your ideas |
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Term
| From the 6 C's of language use, explain cultural sensitivity: |
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Definition
-dont offend your audience!
-stay away from racial, ethnic, religious, or gender based humor. |
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Term
| communication apprehension |
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Definition
| fear of speaking in front of an audience |
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Term
| how to overcome communication apprehension: |
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Definition
be confident
be prepared
pick out a topic that interests you
you are in a "safe" environment |
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Term
| #1 goal in giving a speech: |
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Definition
| getting your message across |
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Term
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Definition
| taking someone else's whole speech and calling it your own |
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Term
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Definition
| part of someone's speech and throw it into yours. |
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Term
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Definition
| taking bits and pieces of other peoples speech's and throwing it all together |
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Term
| source credibility includes which 3 aspects? |
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Definition
1. Ethos (ethical)-source credibility
2. Logos (logical)- logical arguments
3. Pathos (path)- make and emotional path to the heart. |
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Term
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Definition
| having your audience perceive you as an affective character. |
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Term
| 5 Canons of Rhetoric are: |
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Definition
1)invention-the art of finding info
2)Disposition-the arrangement and structure of a presentation.
3)Style-the use and ornamentation of language.
4)Memory-speakers must have a strong mental awareness of the messages they intend to present.
5) Delivery-the verbal and nonverbal techniques used to present the message. |
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Term
| 5 methods of searching a topic are: |
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Definition
1)Brainstorming-thinking of as many topics as you can in a limited amount of time.
2)Categorical Brainstorming-using categories to come up with potential topics.
3)Personal Inventory-considering things important to you in your life
4)Current Topics-events or issues that are prominent in the news
5)Internet searching-google it. |
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Term
| 5 methods of searching a topic are: |
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Definition
1)Brainstorming-thinking of as many topics as you can in a limited amount of time.
2)Categorical Brainstorming-using categories to come up with potential topics.
3)Personal Inventory-considering things important to you in your life
4)Current Topics-events or issues that are prominent in the news
5)Internet searching-google it. |
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Term
| general purposes of speeches include: |
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Definition
-what you intend to do
-to inform
-to persuade
-to introduce
-to award
etc. |
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Term
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Definition
| highlighting your purpose the speech as precise as possible. |
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Term
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Definition
| a complete sentence that describes the contents of your speech |
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Term
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Definition
| discovering as much as possible about your audience for the purpose of imposing communication |
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Term
| when does audience analysis happen? |
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Definition
| before, during and after speech |
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Term
| what do we consider when speaking of demographics? |
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Definition
| gender, age, ethnicity, economic status, occupations and education |
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Term
| what 4 ways do we perform audience analysis? |
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Definition
1. observation-watching and listening
2. informants-insider information
3. interviews-ask questions to audience
4. questionnaires-use surveys |
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Term
| a large audience calls for what specifically? |
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Definition
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Term
| a small audience can lead to what? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| the vibration of sound waves on your eardrums and the impulses that are then sent to the brain |
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Term
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Definition
| the process of giving thoughtful attention to another persons words and understanding what you hear |
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Term
| 3 types of listening styles: |
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Definition
1)experiential listener-understand best when they can touch, explore and participate in what is being described.
2) auditory listener- need to hear verbal explanations and descriptions to learn well.
3)visual listener- have to see something in order to understand it. |
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Term
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Definition
not all comes from comp.
consider your own personal experience
hold interviews with people |
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Term
| what is a reference librarian? |
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Definition
| look for books via electronic catalog. look at periodicals. look online. |
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Term
| criteria for evaluating sources: |
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Definition
is supporting material clear?
is it verifiable?
is the source of the supporting material competent?
is the source subjective? |
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Term
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Definition
1)bibliographical references-complete citations that appear in the "works cited" section
2)oral citation-tells listeners who the sources is, how recent the info is and the sources qualifications. "according to..." |
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Term
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Definition
1) extemporaneous:a presenter delivers a presentation from a key word outline or from brief notes.
2)Memorized:a presenter has committed a presentation to memory
3)Manuscript:a presenter writes out the complete presentation in advance and then uses manuscript to deliver.
4)Impromptu:giving a presentation without advance preparation. |
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Term
| Aspects of Delivery include: |
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Definition
| Rate, pause, duration, pitch, volume, projection, enunciation, pronunciation, articulation, fluency, eye contact, facial expressions, gestures, movement and physical appearance. |
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Term
| What 6 things should you use to keep the audience's attention? |
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Definition
1. intensity(vivid imaged)
2. repetition
3. novelty(novel phrases/words)
4. activity
5. contrast(opposites attract)
6. relevance |
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Term
| What material can you do an Informative speech on? |
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Definition
-object
-processes
-events
-concepts |
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Term
| Which orders can you chose from to put your Informative speech in? |
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Definition
-chronological
-geographical
-cause/effect
-pro/con
-topical |
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Term
| What are the 3 types of Informative speeches? |
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Definition
-description
-demonstration
-explaination |
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Term
| What is considered good form of a speech? |
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Definition
| "keep your presentation simple, balance the parts of your speech, and arrange your main points so that they flow smoothly" |
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Term
| What should the structure of your speech be like? |
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Definition
3 parts: introduction, body, and conclusion.
the body should be the longest and the introduction and conclusion should be equal. |
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Term
| What are the 2 ways to arrange your main points? |
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Definition
1. similarity
2. proximity |
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Term
| How would you explain grouping main points together based on similarity? |
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Definition
| "the principle of similarity leads people to group things together that seem alike: categorical design of speeches" |
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Term
| How would you explain grouping main points together based on proximity? |
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Definition
| "Principle of proximity suuggests that things that usually occur together should be grouped together" |
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Term
| Where did communication apprehension first occur? |
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Definition
| in James McCrosky's 1970 research note in communication monographs |
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Term
| what percent of americans consider themselves shy? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are some good methods for capturing the audiences attention? |
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Definition
-involve audience
-ask questions
-relate a personal experience
-tell a story
-use humor
-develop suspense
-quote (also gives you credibility)
-startle the audience (make the speech go in an unexpected direction) |
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Term
| When should you establish your credibility in a speech? |
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Definition
| the beginning and again at the end |
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Term
| What can be included in the conclusion? |
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Definition
-echo of the intro
-involve the audience (make it relevant)
-ask rhetorical questions
-end with a story
-close with a question
-end with a metaphor |
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Term
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Definition
| the individual who is an active participant in the democratic process of debate, deliberation, and persuasion as it relates to issues of public concern |
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