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CMSC423
Midterm #1
19
Computer Science
Undergraduate 4
10/03/2013

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Cards

Term
Genome
Definition
blueprint for all cellular structures and activities
Term
DNA
Definition
a molecule that encodes the genetic instructions used in the development and functioning of all known living organisms and many viruses.
Term
Chromosomes
Definition
Compressed and entwined DNA
Term
Phenotype
Definition
Characteristics of an organism
Term
Gene
Definition
a unit of inheritance passed from parent to offspring
Term
Genotype
Definition
Genetic characteristics of an individual
Term
Cell
Definition
A membrane bound structure containing biomolecules, such as nucleic acids, proteins, and polysaccharides.
Term
Proteins
Definition
large biological molecules consisting of one or more chains of amino acids
Term
RNA
Definition
a ubiquitous family of large biological molecules that perform multiple vital roles in the coding, decoding, regulation, and expression of genes
Term
Transcription
Definition
the first step of gene expression, in which a particular segment of DNA is copied into RNA by the enzyme, RNA polymerase
Term
Translation
Definition
the process in which cellular ribosomes create proteins
Term
Gene expression
Definition
the process by which information from a gene is used in the synthesis of a functional gene product.
Term
exon
Definition
any nucleotide sequence encoded by a gene that remains present within the final mature RNA product of that gene after introns have been removed by RNA splicing.
Term
Intron
Definition
any nucleotide sequence within a gene that is removed by RNA splicing while the final mature RNA product of a gene is being generated.
Term
Codon
Definition
A sequence of three adjacent nucleotides constituting the genetic code that determines the insertion of a specific amino acid in a polypeptide chain during protein synthesis or the signal to stop protein synthesis.
Term
Epigenetics
Definition
the study of changes in gene expression or cellular phenotype, caused by mechanisms other than changes in the underlying DNA sequence
Term
Replication
Definition
the ability of an organism to create an exact copy of a DNA molecule or another polypeptide.
Term
Where can you find genomic sequences?(online)
Definition
Refseq
Term
Where can you find sequencing experiments?(online)
Definition
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