Term
| Name 2 reasons why you would check femoral pulses on newborns. |
|
Definition
| A weak femoral pulse suggest Coarctation of the aorta OR Left Ventricular flow tract obstruction |
|
|
Term
| What term means absence of the iris, usually bilateral & is associated with poor vision and nystagmus? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| What term means fine hair all over the body, mainly on shoulders/back? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| What term means a congenital deformity where the pinna (outer ear) is very small and underdeveloped or absent (anotia). It can be unilateral or bilateral, seen when pregnant women take Accutane? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| What term means absence or defect of some ocular tissue eyelid margins as in Treacher Collins Syndrome, or the iris or retina as in CHARGE association? |
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Definition
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Term
| Port- wine stain is associated with what syndrome? |
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Definition
| If located over the ophthalmic branch of the trigeminal nerve can be associated with Sturge-Weber Syndrome. |
|
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Term
| What study would you order if pt had an ear tag? |
|
Definition
| renal u/s to r/o branchio-oto-renal syndrome or other renal abnormalies. Also order hearing test to r/o hearing loss |
|
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Term
| What study would you order multiple hemangiomas? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| What study would you order if pt has hip clicks? |
|
Definition
| U/S, Hip x-ray, CT scan/MRI to dx acetabular dysplasia |
|
|
Term
| What study would you order if pt presents with Asymmetrical creases on thighs? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What study would you order if pt presents with craniosynostosis? |
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Definition
| X-ray & CT scan of the head (CT is more detailed) |
|
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Term
| What study would you order if pt presents with lacunar skull? |
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Definition
| is associated with Arnold-Chari malformation or Myelomeningocele. Order MRI |
|
|
Term
| Which swelling of the scalp in the newborn will resolve within 1 week without tx? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which type of scalp swelling is described as blood collection occurs under the periosteum therefore it does NOT cross suture lines & takes several months to heal? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Which scalp swelling occurs between the scalp & the skull, crossing the suture lines and the blood migrates to the dependent side? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| What is one of the MC signs of a white pupillary reflex? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| If congenital cataracts are found what should the pt be tested for? |
|
Definition
| TORCH - Toxoplasmosis, Other viruses, Rubella, Cytomegaloviruses, Herpes simplex |
|
|
Term
| What does a "cat's eye reflex" indicate? |
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Definition
| denotes abnormality of the lens, vitreous, or fundus. |
|
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Term
| Which condition is described as a bowel loop protruding through an abdominal wall defect,typically to the right of the umbilicus? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| What GI condition is described as located midline near the umbilicus, is covered with membrane & is associated with a chromosomal abnormality? |
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| NONOPERATIVELY, with IV hydration, Parenteral antibiotics, NG tube decompression, and suspension of feedings |
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|
Term
| For how long may infants with hip dysplasia have false negative tests? Why? |
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Definition
| Tests may be falsely negative in infants>3mo b/c of tighter hip mms/ligaments. |
|
|
Term
| What are leg length discrepancies and irregular fat creases indicative of? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| When is a hip U/S done to detect hip dysplasia? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the tx for developmental hip dysplasia? |
|
Definition
| Patient may need closed reduction and is usually placed in a Hip Abduction Pavlik Harness or Spica Cast for several weeks. |
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|
Term
| What is the timeframe for the occurrence of HSV conjunctivitis? |
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Definition
| Occurs within 2 weeks after birth |
|
|
Term
| If HSV conjunctivitis is suspected, what must you r/o? |
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Definition
| Imperitive to r/o disseminated herpes. |
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Term
| What is the tx for HSV conjunctivitis? |
|
Definition
| both topical & systemic antiviral agents |
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|
Term
| What is the timeframe for chlamydial conjunctivitis? |
|
Definition
| Occurs within 7-14 days after birth |
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|
Term
| Which type of conjunctivitis presents with keratitis, cataracts, chorioretinitis, or optic neuritis? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Which type of conjunctivitis presents with watery discharge that is copious (appears purulent b/c so copious)? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the complications of Chlamydial conjunctivitis, if left untreated? |
|
Definition
| corneal scarring & pannus formation |
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|
Term
| How is chlamydial conjunctivitis treated? |
|
Definition
| oral erythromycin 50mg/kg/day QID for 2 weeks. |
|
|
Term
| What is the timeframe of onset for Gonorrheal conjunctivitis? |
|
Definition
| Presents w/in 24 - 48 hrs after birth |
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|
Term
| Which type of conjunctivitis presents with profound lid edema, chemosis, purulent exudates & corneal ulceration? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| How is Gonorrheal conjunctivitis treated? |
|
Definition
| Penicillin G 100,000 units per kg/day IV QID x7 days for penicillin sensitive organisms |
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|
Term
| Which suture connects the frontal bone to the 2 parietal bones? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which suture connects the 2 parietal bones? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which suture connects the occipital bone to the parietal bones? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What APGAR scores are considered a "smooth transition"? |
|
Definition
| a child that scores above 5 in the first minute and btw 8-10 in the first 5 minutes indicates a smooth transition |
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|
Term
| What does APGAR stand for? |
|
Definition
Appearance
Pulse
Grimace
Activity
Respiration |
|
|
Term
| What is the normal Temp, RR, and HR of infants? |
|
Definition
Temp - 98 - 100
HR - 120 - 180
RR - 40 - 60 |
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|
Term
| “Cheesy Varnish” Produced by sebaceous glands hypothesized to have antibacterial propertie |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Bluish/Cyanotic color to hands and feet. Usually no clubbing |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Bluing of the chest and/or lips. Suggests: Congenital heart dz, Pulmonary dz, or sepsis. |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Occur midline of back from occiput to coccyx in pilonidal region. May occur from the nasal bridge. |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| white distinct papules usually found on the face/chest |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| hyperpigmented patches (greenish/bluish/purplish in color) usually found on buttocks/back/extremities |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Multiple erythematous pin-point papules dispersed on the face/trunk/extremities, described as "flea-bitten" appearance |
|
Definition
| Erythema toxicum neonatorium |
|
|
Term
| whitish yellow cysts that form on gums or palate |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Fine hair all over the body, mainly on shoulders/back |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| erythematous papules/pustules |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| marble-like purplish discoloration of the skin |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| benign nonerythematous milky vesicles hands/feet |
|
Definition
| Benign Pustular Melanosis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Hemangioma (Strawberry vs Cavernous) |
|
|
Term
| erythematous birthmark persists for life |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| brown or black discolored lesions that thicken w/age |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Causes problems if over the trigeminal nerve region |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Presents with CMV rubella infections. |
|
Definition
| Extramedullary Hematopoeisis- “Blueberry Baby” |
|
|
Term
| Erythematous and scaly lesions with interspersed petechiae |
|
Definition
| Langerhans cell histiocytosis |
|
|
Term
| Linearly distributed vesicles on an erythematous base seen on legs, Lesions evolve into warty papules, which can have thick overlying crusts, Splotchy hyperpigmentated patches replace the warty lesions by 8 mo of age |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Group of inherited mechanobullous disorders characterized by blister development |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Congenital capillary/venous malformation consisting of dilated vessels throughout the dermis and often within subcutaneous tissue that is most commonly located unilaterally on the face |
|
Definition
| Nevus flammeus (Port-Wine Stain) |
|
|
Term
| Which syndrome is a constellation of port-wine stain, vascular malformations of ipsilateral leptomeninges and cerebral cortex, and glaucoma and has complications including seizures, mental retardation, and hemiplegia |
|
Definition
| Nevus Flammus (Port-Wine Stain) |
|
|
Term
| What syndrome can mimic a port-wine stain, but they often ulcerate at time of presentation and begin to proliferate rapidly, becomes raised and plaque-like |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| Which "blueberry lesions" are described as blanchable lesions, racoon eyes. Lab tests reveal increased catecholamines in the urine and histopathological studies? |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| Which lesion can be commonly confused with hemangiomas, are common benign vascular tumors that stem from vascular overgrowth of granulation tissue following trauma or a foreign object? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Lesion described as capillary malformation seen in the majority of infants-normal variant that become more apparent when the baby cries and fade over the first year of life. |
|
Definition
| Nevus Simplex (Salmon Patch or Stork bite) |
|
|
Term
| What is an excessively large fontanelle associated with? |
|
Definition
| Arnold-Chiari Malformation or Myelomeningocele |
|
|
Term
| Premature closure of cranial sutures due to abnormal skull or brain development |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the MC craniosynostosis? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which craniosynostosis type causes flattening of the forehead and brow on the affected side, with the forehead tending to be more prominent on the opposite side? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which type of craniosynostosis type is described as prominent ridge running down the forehead, where the forehead looks pointed, with closely placed eyes (hypotelorism)? |
|
Definition
| Trigonocephaly-fusion of the metopic suture (forehead) |
|
|
Term
| Which type of craniosynostosis is describe as a fusion causes a long narrow skull where the skull is long from front to back and narrow from ear to ear? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the usual cause of eye ptosis in newborns? |
|
Definition
| Usually occurs from nerve injury during the birthing process. |
|
|
Term
| Newborn has a loss of nasolabial fold on R side and an asymmetric movement of the mouth, what has caused this? |
|
Definition
| Facial nerve palsy,This infant incurred injury to the right facial nerve |
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|
Term
| What eye condition is described as the absence of the iris, that is usually bilateral and is assoc. with poor vision and nystagmus? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Central corneal opacity. Associated with glaucoma 50 - 70% of the time |
|
Definition
| Peter’s Anomaly “Peutz-Jegher’s syndrome” |
|
|
Term
| What is the timeline for the occurrence of chemical conjunctivitis? |
|
Definition
| Occurs within 24 hrs of instillation of eye prophylaxis after birth |
|
|
Term
| Which type of conjunctivitis is described as mild lid edema with sterile discharge from the eyes? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which eye condition occurs in premature babies due to being in an incubator in a hyperoxic environment? |
|
Definition
| retinopathy of prematurity |
|
|
Term
| What mouth defect is often seen in conjunction with Trisomy 13? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What condition is described as unilateral absence or hypoplasia of the pectoralis major muscle. which sometimes include rib defects, hypoplasia of the upper extremities and syndactyly? |
|
Definition
| Poland's Syndrome/sequence |
|
|
Term
| What does a bell shaped thorax indicate? |
|
Definition
| neurologic abnormalities or dwarfing syndromes |
|
|
Term
| What does a scaphoid abdomen indicate? |
|
Definition
| a diaphragmatic hernia, where the intestines have migrated to the chest cavity in utero |
|
|
Term
| What is an asymmetric abdomen suggestive of? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What condition is described as granulating tissue that often times needs silver nitrate cauterization to promote healing |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When do most umbilical hernias resolve by? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is splenomegaly suggestive of? |
|
Definition
| congenital infection or hemolytic anemia |
|
|
Term
| a bowel loop protruding through an abdominal wall defect,typically to the right of the umbilicus |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| located midline near the umbilicus, is covered with membrane and is associated with a chromosomal abnormality |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| due to weakness in the umbilical ring musculature. It is very common and self resolves by 18mo of age |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| a patchy distribution of necrosis on the serosal surface of the bowel |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| scrotum is firm and has ecchymosis, what condition is suspected? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| patients do not have an anal opening |
|
|
Term
| Which side hip dysplasia is MC? Is it MC in females or males? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What condition is the trendelenburg limp seen in? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which ortho maneuver is described as With the infant lying on his back and his feet facing you,the examiner, place your index finger on the greater trochanter and your thumb on the lesser trochanter, fully flex the legs at the knees and hips, then fully abduct and pull femur forward to try to reduce the joint? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which ortho maneuver is described as With the infant lying supine, the examiner stabilizes the pelvis between the symphisis and the sacrum with one hand. With the thumb of the other hand the examiner adducts and laterally pushes back to promote dislocation? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which ortho maneuver is described as pt lies supine, hips flexed, knees flexed and comparing heights of knees? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Condition Characterized by forefoot adduction and inversion as well as plantar flexion (equinus position) of the entire foot. |
|
Definition
| TALIPES EQUINOVARUS (Clubfoot) |
|
|
Term
| Condition described as Adduction of the forefoot distal to the metatarsal-tarsal line; spontaneous correction occurs the first 2 years of life. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Condition described as The approximation of two or more digits by tissue. Requires surgery to optimize function. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Condition described as congenital anomaly that consists of supernumery fingers or toes. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What digit is polydactyly MC on which side of the hand? |
|
Definition
| ulnar side of the hand (postaxial) |
|
|
Term
| What condition is described as Are usually found as a dimple or a sinus (1-2mm in size) in the midline of the back? |
|
Definition
| Congenital dermal sinuses/tracts |
|
|
Term
| What region are congenital dermal sinuses found? |
|
Definition
| most common in the pilonidal region |
|
|
Term
| Which condition is described as usually have bilateral lower extremity weaknesses others may be asymptomatic? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which condition is described as MS weaknesses, Gait deficits, and Urinary Dysfunctions? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which condition is described as unfused portion of the spinal column allows the spinal cord to protrude through an opening in the overlying vertebrae? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the most serious and MC type of Spina Bifida? How can it be prevented? |
|
Definition
| Meningomyelocele; prevented by mother taking folic acid supplements during pregnancy |
|
|
Term
| What condition is caused by Damage of the motor control centers of the developing brain in utero (75%), during childbirth (5%), or after birth (15%) up to age 3yo? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which condition is described as Lower Brachial Plexus injury and is characterized by paralysis of the hand with no voluntary mvmts of wrist and an absent grasp reflex? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What nerve roots does Klumpke's Palsy affect? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What condition is described as an Upper Brachial Plexus injury characterized by arm adduction, internal rotation elbow extension, and pronation of arm, flexion of wrist and intact grasp reflex? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What nerve root is affected by Erb-Duchenne Palsy? |
|
Definition
|
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