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| presented image of the communicator |
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| how you present you present yourself in social situation (think about roles) |
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| always presenting an identity when in convo (consciously/unconsciously); metaphor of theater for analyzing interaction |
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| some performances are exceptional, others not; situation/identity performances |
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| being aware of how one is presenting him or herself; misleading metaphor; variable |
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| age, clothes on body, things you bring in with you to the scene |
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| activity of a person that occurs while he/she is present before particular set of observers (audience) |
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| dramaturgical realization |
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| person's ability to understand the desired identity; activity/performance should be consistent with desired identity |
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| maintenance of expressive control |
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| throughout performance, performer seeks to maintain expressive control |
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| any set of individuals who cooperate in staging a given performance |
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| team members are not all equal (correcting team member, allocation) |
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1. argument as disagreement: one person talking at the other
2. argument as reasoning with others (making claim about some belief/value/attitude) |
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| statement put forward for others, put forward for acceptance; any statement expressing belief, value, attitude |
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| specific info relied upon to support claim (evidence) |
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| sometimes implicit, unstated, or assumed; reasoning that justifies using the grounds as basis for claim |
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statement that provides support for GROUNDS or WARRANT
Ex: "according to..." "historically" |
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| statement that identifies exceptions to warrant |
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indicates strength/force of claim
ex: certainly, most likely |
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| argument from classification |
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| we move from characteristic of class (G) to characteristic of specific member (C) |
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| argument by generalization |
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| move from characteristic of specific member (G) to characteristics of group (C) |
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| reason from known cause (G) to an expected or hypothesized event |
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| reasons from known effect (G) to hypothesized cause (C) |
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| reasons from one instance (G) to another (C) by suggesting the 2 cases are similar |
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| info source (G) is invoked as basis of claim (C) |
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| standards for good argument |
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1. acceptability (believe on the surface, plausible)
2. relevance (is evidence relevant to claim)
3. sufficiency (is there enough evidence to support claim as a whole?) |
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| tricking someone into doing something |
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| occurs when person accepts new behavior fits his/her value system (ex: Wheaties box) |
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| dimensions of credibility |
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1. competence (know about product)
2. trustworthiness
3. *goodwill (someone else's best interest in mind)
4. social attractiveness (likeability, similarity, physical attractiveness) |
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| what characteristic of persuasion was NOT discussed? |
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| people are persuaded by others |
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| topic is interesting. familiar, controversial |
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| frame of reference that organizes experience in terms of conceptual framework of sports (who is winning/losing?) |
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focuses on what new info did we receive about each person's views (central problems, solutions to problems)
ex: qualifications, etc |
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a. objectivity (independence, balance, non-evaluation)
b. entertainment (have to be entertaining or you'll lose ad money)
c. informativeness (without, you have no audience)
d. brevity (short, to the point) |
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| voters do not learn about candidate position or programs, invites public cynicism, solution? |
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| channel effects are when mode of communication has effect apart from message |
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| most people get news from mass media |
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| agenda-setting hypothesis |
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attention given to issues by media influences public's perceptions of the importance of issues
-news media sets agenda
-what to think about but not how to think |
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content analysis, measured face ratios of pics of public figures in news magazines, looked for patterns in gender and ethnicity
-result: men>women, whites>non-whites |
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experimental design, participants to look at photos with different face ratios and rate subjects on various attributes
-result: higher face ratios rated more powerful, intelligent, attractive, ambitious |
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| evidence for stereotyping/power of agenda setting, possible implications for news coverage |
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1. direct pathways
2. socially mediated pathways (financial planner to Prof Quick from $ magazine) |
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-TV viewing shades perceptions and is a stable part of lifestyle
-heavy TV viewing creates exaggerated belief in mean/scary world
-more TV you watch, more likely you are to think TV IS reality |
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| TV viewing alters views of reality |
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as soon as exposed, it will affect you
-"I Go Back" video
-short time after violent stimuli: hostile thoughts, justify aggressive acts, be inclined to behave aggressively |
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