Term
| when do abnormalities arise? |
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Definition
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Term
| abnormalities happen more often in _____ than ________. |
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Definition
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Term
| women over ___ are more likely to have pregnancy complications. |
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Definition
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Term
| women over ___ are more likely to have pregnancy complications. |
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Definition
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Term
| women over ___ are more likely to have pregnancy complications. |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| placenta covers part of uterine opening (cervix) |
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Term
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Definition
| 62 years old when she gave birth |
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Term
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Definition
| gain or loss of whole chromosomes |
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Term
| what causes the failure of chromosomes to seperate correctly during meiosis? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| only 1 sex chromosome is present |
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Term
| what does turner syndrome cause in females? |
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Definition
| short stature;underdeveloped ovaries; heart defects; usually sterile |
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Term
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Definition
| 3 sex chromosomes (xxy) rather than xx or xy. |
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Term
| does klinefelter syndrome appear in males or females? |
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Definition
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Term
| what are the symptoms of klinefelter's syndrome? |
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Definition
| development of breasts; little body hair; tall; possibly mental retardation |
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Term
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Definition
| an extra chromosome #21 (Trisomy) |
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Term
| what are some symptoms of down syndrome? |
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Definition
| large tongue; flat face; shape of ear; deep crease across palm |
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Term
| some creature's sex is determined by the ______ during which the embryotic develpment takes place |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| new individual that is genetically identical to their parent. |
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Term
clones are created through
________ reproduction. |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| replace failed organ; children with desired traits; understand genes; genetic alternation of organisms |
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Term
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Definition
| lowers diversity; weakens adaptability |
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Term
| plants naturally produce clones T/F? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| above ground stems/runners |
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Term
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Definition
| and enlarged stem "eyes"- are small nodes with buds |
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Term
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Definition
| underground horizontal stems |
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Term
| advantages to tissue culture |
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Definition
| all the same characteristiscs, little space needed, grown in short time |
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Term
| disadvantages to tissue cultrue |
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Definition
| all vulnerable to same diseases/pests |
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Term
| what type of cloning does the media usually report on? |
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Definition
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Term
| what are the three types of cloning? |
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Definition
1. reproductive cloning
2. therapeutic cloning
3. recombianant DNA technology or DNA cloning |
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Term
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Definition
| technololgy used to make an animal with same nuclear DNA as a different animal. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| what was the first cloned sheep's name? |
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Definition
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Term
| what process does reproductive cloning use? |
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Definition
| Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer A.K.A. SCNT |
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Term
| whats the first step of SCNT? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| remove nucleus of the egg= enucleated egg |
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Term
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Definition
| cell (with dna) is taken from the animal to be cloned- diploid |
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Term
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Definition
| enucleated egg fused with the cloning subject's cell using electricity = an embryo |
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Term
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Definition
| embryo implanted into surrogate mother |
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Term
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Definition
| surrogate mother gives birth to baby (the clone) |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| what did Dolly suffer from? |
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Definition
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Term
| how many children did Dolly have? |
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Definition
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Term
| why wasnt Dolly an identical clone? |
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Definition
| some genetic material comes from mitochondria in cytoplasm of enucleated egg. |
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Term
| what are some risks of reproductive cloning? |
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Definition
| expensive & still inefficient |
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Term
| we do no know how cloning could affect the clone's intellect and mood T/F? |
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Definition
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Term
| what else is threapeutic cloning called? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| production of human embryos for use in research. |
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Term
| what is the goal of therapeutic cloning? |
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Definition
| harvest stem cells for use in research |
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Term
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Definition
| immmature cells, can be triggered to become any type of body cell. |
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Term
| what are the benefits of stem cells? |
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Definition
| could allow paralyzed to walk and might be able to slow or stop ageing |
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Term
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Definition
| stem cells can be extracted from blastocyst stage, extraction can destroy the embryo which raises ethical concerns |
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Term
| what are the 4 steps to stem cells |
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Definition
1. select source
2. isolate & culture stem cell
3. subject cell to environmental conditions to creats diffenet cell types
4. new cell type is injected into diseased organ to create healthy tissue |
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