Shared Flashcard Set

Details

Cloning Section
march 28th
52
Biology
Undergraduate 1
04/01/2012

Additional Biology Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
when do abnormalities arise?
Definition
during errors in meiosis
Term
abnormalities happen more often in _____ than ________.
Definition
egg; sperm
Term
women over ___ are more likely to have pregnancy complications.
Definition
35
Term
women over ___ are more likely to have pregnancy complications.
Definition
35
Term
women over ___ are more likely to have pregnancy complications.
Definition
35
Term
placental problems
Definition
placenta covers part of uterine opening (cervix)
Term
janise wolf
Definition
62 years old when she gave birth
Term
aneupoloidy
Definition
gain or loss of whole chromosomes
Term
what causes the failure of chromosomes to seperate correctly during meiosis?
Definition
nondisjunction
Term
turners syndrome
Definition
only 1 sex chromosome is present
Term
what does turner syndrome cause in females?
Definition
short stature;underdeveloped ovaries; heart defects; usually sterile
Term
klinefelters syndrome
Definition
3 sex chromosomes (xxy) rather than xx or xy.
Term
does klinefelter syndrome appear in males or females?
Definition
males
Term
what are the symptoms of klinefelter's syndrome?
Definition
development of breasts; little body hair; tall; possibly mental retardation
Term
down syndrome
Definition
an extra chromosome #21 (Trisomy)
Term
what are some symptoms of down syndrome?
Definition
large tongue; flat face; shape of ear; deep crease across palm
Term
some creature's sex is determined by the ______ during which the embryotic develpment takes place
Definition
temperature!
Term
clone
Definition
new individual that is genetically identical to their parent.
Term
clones are created through
________ reproduction.
Definition
asexual
Term
a few pros of cloning
Definition
replace failed organ; children with desired traits; understand genes; genetic alternation of organisms
Term
cons of cloning
Definition
lowers diversity; weakens adaptability
Term
plants naturally produce clones T/F?
Definition
true
Term
stolon
Definition
above ground stems/runners
Term
tuber
Definition
and enlarged stem "eyes"- are small nodes with buds
Term
rhizome
Definition
underground horizontal stems
Term
advantages to tissue culture
Definition
all the same characteristiscs, little space needed, grown in short time
Term
disadvantages to tissue cultrue
Definition
all vulnerable to same diseases/pests
Term
what type of cloning does the media usually report on?
Definition
reprouctive cloning
Term
what are the three types of cloning?
Definition
1. reproductive cloning
2. therapeutic cloning
3. recombianant DNA technology or DNA cloning
Term
reproductive cloning
Definition
technololgy used to make an animal with same nuclear DNA as a different animal.
Term
Ivan Wilmut
Definition
cloned the first sheep
Term
what was the first cloned sheep's name?
Definition
Dolly
Term
what process does reproductive cloning use?
Definition
Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer A.K.A. SCNT
Term
whats the first step of SCNT?
Definition
take egg from donor
Term
second step of SCNT?
Definition
remove nucleus of the egg= enucleated egg
Term
3rd step of SCNT?
Definition
cell (with dna) is taken from the animal to be cloned- diploid
Term
4th step of SCNT?
Definition
enucleated egg fused with the cloning subject's cell using electricity = an embryo
Term
5th step of SCNT?
Definition
embryo implanted into surrogate mother
Term
6th step of SCNT?
Definition
surrogate mother gives birth to baby (the clone)
Term
when did Dolly die?
Definition
age 6
Term
what did Dolly suffer from?
Definition
lung cancer & arthritis
Term
how many children did Dolly have?
Definition
6 lambs
Term
why wasnt Dolly an identical clone?
Definition
some genetic material comes from mitochondria in cytoplasm of enucleated egg.
Term
what are some risks of reproductive cloning?
Definition
expensive & still inefficient
Term
we do no know how cloning could affect the clone's intellect and mood T/F?
Definition
True
Term
what else is threapeutic cloning called?
Definition
embryo cloning
Term
therapeutic cloning
Definition
production of human embryos for use in research.
Term
what is the goal of therapeutic cloning?
Definition
harvest stem cells for use in research
Term
stem cells
Definition
immmature cells, can be triggered to become any type of body cell.
Term
what are the benefits of stem cells?
Definition
could allow paralyzed to walk and might be able to slow or stop ageing
Term
blastocyst
Definition
stem cells can be extracted from blastocyst stage, extraction can destroy the embryo which raises ethical concerns
Term
what are the 4 steps to stem cells
Definition
1. select source
2. isolate & culture stem cell
3. subject cell to environmental conditions to creats diffenet cell types
4. new cell type is injected into diseased organ to create healthy tissue
Supporting users have an ad free experience!