Term
|
Definition
| no part of the system was designed at once. non-system where police don't catch criminals, courts don't try them, prisons don't reform them. a basic inequality exists. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| assumes all parts of the system work toward a common goal |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the system is self-serving which together results in fragmented efforts; the system creates conflicts |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| encompasses mangement and supervision; a group of people is organized to direct towards achieving the groups objective |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| values the arrest and conviction of criminal offenders |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
found in bill of rights
emphasis on individual rights
seeks to ensure innocent people arent convicted of crimes |
|
|
Term
| internal/intrinsic rewards |
|
Definition
| provides a sense of worth like making the world a better place to live |
|
|
Term
| external/extrinsic rewards |
|
Definition
| salary, private office, expensive account at country club |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1) someone must formulate a policy with respect to crime reduction and list all variables to the problem
2) the administrator requests more info from each administrator within the jurisdiction to figure out where the problem exists
3) the status would be provided, report would include input from prosecutors office |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
identifying sources of resistance
1) identifying driving forces and restraining forces
2) identifying alternative strategies for changing each force |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
managed by being organized into # of specialized units
1) rulification and routinization: facilitate standard/equal treatment
2) division of labor
3) hierarchy of authority
4) expertise
5) written rules |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
hourly breaks were given --> worker productivity soared
focused on authority, chain of command, span of control, division of labor
POSDCORB: planning, organizing, staffing, directing, coordinating, reporting, budgeting |
|
|
Term
| Human Relations Management |
|
Definition
management should instill pride and dignity in officers
role of organizational structure became secondary. primary was goal of social rewards
employees began to give less and expect more |
|
|
Term
Systems Management
(Systems Approach) |
|
Definition
designed to bring individual and organization together
attempted to help managers use employees to reach desired goals
team cooperation is required (SYSTEM) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
based on contention that good leaders possess certain character traits that poor leaders don't
-leadership cannot be taught |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
leaders must have a sense of the task to be accomplished as well as the environment their subordinates work
(single manager style) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
employees behavior may be altered if they know theyre being studied
-people work for a variety of reasons not just for $ |
|
|
Term
| Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs |
|
Definition
top: self realization/actualization
next: ego related/self esteem
middle: belonging/social needs
next: safety/security
bottom: primary needs like air food sex |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| average person has an inherent dislike of work and uses negative reinforcement |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| people don't dislike work, it is a part of their nature to use it as satisfaction |
|
|
Term
| Motivation Hygiene Theory |
|
Definition
asked workers to describe times they felt really good or really bad about their jobs
maintenance/hygiene factors: necessities are adequate pay benefits etc, hygiene doesn't satisfy or motivate but they do dissatisfy
motivational factors: achievement, recognition, responsibility |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
focused on beliefs that can influence effort/perofrmance
1) the task appears to be possible
2) the reward is desirable
3) employees believe that perofrming the task will bring desired outcome
4) good chance that better performance will bring better rewards |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1) among peoples needs is a central need to achieve a sense of competence
2) the ways in which people fulfill this need varies
3) competence motivation is most likely to be achieved when theres a fit between task and organization
4) a sense of competence continues to motivate people even after competence is achieved
managers should tailor jobs to fit peoples skills they will need to become competent |
|
|
Term
| COPPS: Community Oriented Policing and Problem Solving |
|
Definition
| approach to crime detection and prevention that promotes proactive problem solving and police community partnership to address the causes of crime/fear and community issues |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
scanning (problem identification)
analysis (determining event of the problem, people affected, and underlying causes
response (seek most effective response)
assessment (evaluate effectiveness of their actions and maybe redefine the problem |
|
|
Term
| CPTED: crime prevention through environmental design |
|
Definition
proper design and effective use of the enviornment that can lead to reduction in fear and incidence of crime
1) natural access control: doors, shrubs, fences
2) natural surveillance: proper placement of windows
3) territorial reinforcement: sidewalks, landscapes, porches to help distinguish between public/private areas |
|
|
Term
| SCP: situational crime prevention |
|
Definition
1) increasing the effort needed to commit the crime.
-target hardening (physical barriers)
-access control: designing paths to deter unwanted ppl
-deflecting offenders- giving them diff space to do it (sports venue)
-controlling facilitators: metal detectors
2) increasing risks associated with crimes
-entry/exit screening (IDs)
-formal surveillance
-informal surveillance
-natural surveillance
3) reducing rewards
-target removal (eliminating crime purpose)
-identifying property (establish ownership)
-removing inducements (broken windows
4) reducing provocations (certain lightings improve moods)
5) removing the excuse (no trespass sign) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
its expensive and time consuming
but these agencies usually provide more training, require higher education, more drug testing, and operate more special units |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
general purpose of allowing practitioners to meet
-1st was a three year period in 1983 where 30 ppl discussedd "perspectives on policing" |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
after 9/11
issue of public safety and policing
focusing on challenges of coming years, federal role, terrorism, technology, media, incarceration, minorities |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
an efficacious means of hiring/promoting personnel
process includes: interviews, test, inbasket exercises, management tasks, group discussion, presentation, written communication
step 1) identify behaviors important to successful performance
2) during each exercise theyer analyzed & recorded an evaluation
-- you avoid problems w hiring the wrong person |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
anomic individual feels that community leaders are indifferent to his/her needs and he/she can't count on anyone for support, life itself is meaningless
this is problematic because police must be well-connected with their communities etc |
|
|
Term
| Ten Commandments of Leadership |
|
Definition
1) practice what you preach
2) a days pay for a day and a half of work
3) maintain/promote integrity
4) develop a positive image
5) remain committed
6) be respectful
7) accept assistance from others
8) be eager for knowledge
9) maintain healthy lifestyle
10) set personal goals |
|
|
Term
| major viewpoints by Norm Stamper |
|
Definition
everything in policing is political
there is good and bad in politics
good: picking someone b/c theyre a good leader
bad: picking a buddy |
|
|
Term
| PTO police training officer program |
|
Definition
| basic recruit academy starting with essential formal training; shaping their attitude, developing technical occupational skills |
|
|
Term
| FTO field training officer program |
|
Definition
1) intro - learning agency policies/local laws
2) training & evaluation
3) FTO trainer acts as observer while recruit performs all the tasks |
|
|
Term
| Intelligence Led Policing |
|
Definition
operates under assumption that a relatively small # of ppl were responsible for large percentage of crimes & officers will have best effecct by focusing on most prevalant offenses in their jurisdiction
"intelligence" = info + analysis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
using already known data (crime data) to predict/monitor crime
like more crimes occur on hot days |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
formed by # of cities/counties in partnership with FBI as early warning groups for terrorism
they coordinate all response & counterterrorism elements |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
gunfire that spreads among officers who believe that theyre facing a threat. spreeads like wildfire
(multiple officers firing 20+ rounds) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| an act motivated by the offenders desire to commit suicide that results in justifiable homicide by the officer |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
must be objectively reasonable in view of all facts and circumstances
issues: physical/excessive force
verbal/psychological abuse (belittling them)
legal abuse and violations of civil rights |
|
|
Term
| DRRM dynamic resistance response model |
|
Definition
dynamic -> the model is fluid
resistance -> the suspect controls interaction |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
smaller communities contracting their police services with a larger agency
they share resources and expenses
they pool resources to result in better more focused services |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
merging 2 or more city/county governments
to avoid duplication of services
disadvantage: cost savings may not be realized for years |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
using CSI and crime analysts and civilians
-becoming more widespread. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
uniform stands as visual representation of law enforcement
--welcomes verbal abuse, or welcomed as symbol
legally-> professional image
changes recently -> hair length, tattoos, beards |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
needs to ensure that specific tasks are performed correctly
involves specialized knowledge, analytical ability within that specialty. these skills are easily trained for |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| working with people; motivating employees and how to utilize group processes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
coordinating and integrating all the activities/interests of organization towards a common objective
the ability to translate knowledge into action |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
argued that all people are irrational and selfish
but people had enough rationality to recognize their situations and come together to form self protection (government)
consensus theory |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
governments give protection and receive obedience and loyalty in return
consensus theory |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
conflict theorist
associated the loss of freedom and creation of conflict
with development of private property and unequal distribution of resources |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
people born 1965-1975
looks down upon next generation and Y |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1976-1980
thinks next is lazy etc |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
shortly after 9/11
expanded gov ability to investigate americans without probable cause for "intelligence purposes" and to conduct searches if theres "reasonable grounds |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| president is authorized to establish military commissions to try unlawful enemy combatants, commissions are authorized to sentence defendants to death |
|
|
Term
| National Incident Management System |
|
Definition
| provides consistent nationwide approach for federal state local gov to work efficiently together to prepare for prevent respond to and recover from domestic incidents |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
strategic control system designed for collection/feedback of info on crime/quality of life issues
specific objectives, accurate intelligence, effective tactics, assessment |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1) mutual benefits associations (labor unions)
2) business concerns (General Motors)
3) service organizations (community health centers
4) commonwealth organizations (public good/welfare) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1) job instruction
2) job rationale
3) procedures/practice
4) feedback
5) indoctrination (designed to motivate employees) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
several deterents restrict this
physical distance between superior and subordinates |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
thrives when formal communication channels arent open
usually informal replaces vertical
provides emotional/social bonds |
|
|
Term
| Webers theory of organization |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| functional differentiation |
|
Definition
tasks are broken down into functionally distinct units
(police with homicide unit) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
an organization spread geographically
-police agency with headquarters & precinct stations |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
issue w/ abortion
extends womans decision to have an abortion, must be balanced against protecting prenatal life and protecting women's health |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| acceptance of the use of the death penalty |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
gave us defense of life
officer can use force against suspect only
1) to prevent escape when offender threatens officer with weapon
2) immediate threat of death/serious injury
3) officer has probable cause that suspect committed crime and inflicted harm |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
appearance of police officers regulated
hair tattoos piercings |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
lol idk
bill of attained rights ? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 14th amendment: must provide counsel in criminal cases to represent defendants who can't pay their attorneys |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| grant of immunity from prosecution can compel witness to testify against self incrimination |
|
|
Term
| County of Sacramento v Lewis |
|
Definition
standards for high speed chase pursuits
-lewis speeding on motorcycle and officer clipped the bike |
|
|
