Term
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Definition
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| computer-based assessment |
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Definition
| The use of computers to administer (and possibly interpret) responses to clinical interviews, IQ tets, self-report inventories, and so on. |
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Term
| computer based test interpretations (CBTIs) |
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Definition
| The interpretive profiles generated by computer scoring programs for various psychological tests. The use of such profiles has been the subject of intense debate. |
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Term
| construct validity approach |
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Definition
| An approach to test construction in which scales are developed based on a specific theory, refined using facotr analysis and other procedures, and validated by showing (through empirical study) that individuals who achieve certain scores behave in certain ways that could be predicted by their scores. |
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Definition
| The process by which one ensures that a test will adequately measure all aspects of the construct of interest. Methods of content validation include carefully defining all relevant aspects of the construct, consulting experts, having judges assess the relevance of each potential item, and evaluating the psychometric properties of each potential item. |
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Term
| empirical criterion keying |
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Definition
| An approach to test development that emphasizes the selection of items that discriminate between normal individuals and members of different diagnostic groups, regardless of whether the items appear theoretically relevant to the diagnoses of interest. |
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Definition
| A statistical method often used in test construction to determine whether potential items are or are not highly related to each other. |
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Definition
| A comprehensive model of personality that comprises the dimensions of Neuroticism, Extraversion, Openness, Agreeableness, and Conscientiousness as well as six facets belonging to each dimension. |
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Term
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Definition
| In the context of projective testing, the phenomenon by which certain test responses become associated with specific personality characteristics. These responses come to be viewed as signs of the trait in question and may be given undue weight when interpreting the test. |
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Term
| Incomplete Sentences Blank (ISB) |
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Definition
| The best known and most widely used of the sentence completion techniques, consisting of 40 sentence stems. |
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Term
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Definition
| The extent to which a scale score provides information about a person's behavior, personality features, or psychopathology features that is not provided by other measures. |
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Definition
| A measure of psychopathology that was developed using the empirical criterion keying approach. The MMPI-2 consists of 567 true-false items and provide scores on ten clinical scales, seven validity scales, and several content and supplementary scales. Interpretation of the MMPI-2 is usually based on the analysis of the entire profile rather than on selected scores. Like the MMPI before it, the MMPI-2 has been used for many different purposes across multiple settings, and it remains one of the primary self-report inventories of personality and psychopathology. |
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Term
| objective personality measures |
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Definition
| Personality assessment tools in which the examinee responds to a standard set of questions or statements using a fixed set of options. |
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Term
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Definition
| psychological testing techniques that use people's responses to ambiguous test stimuli to make judgements about their adjustment-maladjustment. Proponents believe the examinees "project" themselves onto the stimuli, this revealing unconscious aspects of themselves. |
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Term
| Revised NEO-Personality Inventory (NEO-PI-R) |
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Definition
| A self-report measure of the FFM that consists of 240 statements, each of which is rated on a 5-point scale. This test yields scores on all five domains of the FFM (Neuroticism, Extraversion, Openness, Agreeableness, and Conscientiousness) as well as the six facets corresponding to each domain. |
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Term
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Definition
| A projective technique that interprets people's responses to a series of ten inkblots. |
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Term
| sentence completion method |
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Definition
| A simple projective technique in which people are asked to complete, in writing, a number of sentence stems. |
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Term
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Definition
| The situation in which different decisions or predictions are made for members of two groups, even when they obtain the same score on an instrument. |
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Term
| Thematic Apperception Test |
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Definition
| A projective technique that purports to reveal patients' personality characteristics by interpreting the stories they produce in response to a series of pictures. |
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Term
| validity of cutoff scores (thresholds) |
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Definition
| the extent to which a particular cutoff score accurately classifies people as either possessing or not possessing the disorder the disorder or trait in question. |
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Term
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Definition
| Test scales that attempt to shed light on the respondent's test-taking attitudes and motivations. |
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