Term
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Definition
| the treatment of psychological disorders through psychological methods, such as talking about problems and exploring new ways of thinking and acting. |
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Term
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Definition
| treated in a hospital or other residential institution. Their problems are severe enough to create a threat to their own well-being or the safety of others. Their treatment almost always includes psychoactive drugs |
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Term
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Definition
| receive psychotherapy and/or drugs while living in the community. They tend to have fewer and less severe symptoms and to function better in everyday life. |
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Term
| what is the basic goal of psychotherapy? |
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Definition
| to help troubled people change their thinking, feelings, and behavior to be happier and more productive |
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Term
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Definition
| aimed at understanding these unconscious conflicts and how they affect the client |
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Term
| what is the goal of psychoanalysis? |
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Definition
| recognize unconscious thoughts and emotions then work through the ways they affect the client’s everyday life |
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Term
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Definition
| the client unconsciously expresses toward the therapist many of the feelings, attitudes, reactions, and conflicts experienced in childhood with parents and other significant people. Psychoanalysts believe that focusing on and analyzing the transference allows clients to see how old conflicts continue to haunt their lives and to resolve these problems from the past. |
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Term
| what is the manifest content? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| what is the object-relations therapy? |
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Definition
| most of the problems that bring clients to treatment stem from their relationships with others, especially with their mothers or other early caregivers |
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Term
| what is interpersonal therapy? |
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Definition
| focuses on helping clients explore and overcome the problematic effects of interpersonal events that occur after early childhood. |
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Term
| what is the humanistic psychotherapy approach? |
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Definition
| psychologist who use this approach see people as being able to control and take responsibility for their own actions |
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Term
| what are the assumptions of the humanistic approach? |
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Definition
-psychologist and client are equal. they are not giving a "cure"
-patients will improve on their own with the right conditions
-patients are fully accepted
-patients must remain responsible for their actions and behaviors |
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Term
| what is client-centered therapy? |
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Definition
| clients decide what to talk about and when, without direction, judgment, or interpretation from the therapist. |
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Term
| unconditional positive regard |
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Definition
| must accept client no matter what |
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Term
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Definition
| an emotional understanding of what the client might be thinking and feeling |
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Term
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Definition
| paraphrased summary of the client’s words that emphasizes the feelings and meaning that appear to accompany them. |
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Term
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Definition
| consistency between what the therapist feels and the way she or he acts toward the client |
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Term
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Definition
create conditions in which clients can become more unified, self-aware, and self-accepting.
-methods are direct and dramatic |
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Term
| what is behavior therapy? |
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Definition
| most psychological problems are learned behaviors that can be changed, without searching for underlying causes. |
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Term
| what are some features of behavior therapy? |
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Definition
| develop terapist -client relationship, and the therapist acts like a teacher giving assignments and little tasks for the patient to complete |
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Term
| what method does behavioral therapy use? |
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Definition
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Term
| what is behavior modification? |
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Definition
| treatment that uses mainly operant conditioning |
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Term
| what is cognitive-behavior therapy? |
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Definition
focuses on changing both thinking patterns and behavior
but mainly thinking |
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Term
| what is systematic desensitization ? |
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Definition
| method for reducing intense anxiety |
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Term
| what is desensitization hierarchy? |
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Definition
| imagining one item at a time |
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Term
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Definition
| an anxiety-reducing treatment that keeps people in a feared but harmless situation and prevents them from engaging in their normally rewarding escape patterns |
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Term
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Definition
| the client watches other people perform desired behaviors, thus, vicariously learning some of the necessary skills without going through a lengthy shaping process. |
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Term
| what are positive reinforcments? |
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Definition
| rewards, to alter problematic behaviors and to teach new skills |
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Term
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Definition
| a system of rewarding desirable behaviors with coin-like tokens or points that can be exchanged for rewards |
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Term
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Definition
| involves removing reinforcers that normally follow undesirable behaviors |
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Term
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Definition
| undesirable behavior is followed by an unpleasant but harmless consequence |
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Term
| what is aversive conditioning? |
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Definition
| applies classical conditioning principles, associating physical or psychological discomfort with behaviors, thoughts, or situations the client wishes to stop or avoid. |
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Term
| what is rational-emotive behavior therapy? |
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Definition
| aims at helping clients to identify self-defeating thoughts, recognize how they can cause problems, and replace them with more realistic ways of thinking |
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Term
| what is cognitive restructuring? |
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Definition
| aims at replacing upsetting thoughts with alternative thinking patterns. These methods help clients learn calming thoughts to use as part of self-instruction in anxiety-provoking situations |
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Term
| what is stress inoculation training? |
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Definition
| clients imagine being in stressful situations then practice new cognitive skills to remain calm. |
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Term
| waht is Beck's cognitive therapy? |
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Definition
| certain psychological disorders can be traced to errors in logic or cognitive distortions, including catastrophizing, all-or-none thinking, and personalization (feeling singled out for ridicule, blame, and scorn |
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Term
| what is mindfulness-based cognitive therapy? |
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Definition
| as meditation may be used to help monitor problematic thought |
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Term
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Definition
| simultaneous treatment of several clients under the guidance of a therapist who encourages helpful interactions among group members. |
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Term
| what are self-help organizations? |
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Definition
| composed of people who all share some problematic experience and meet to help one another. |
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Term
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Definition
| treatment of two or more individuals from the same “family system,” one of which is the initially identified client. |
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Term
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Definition
| highlights the idea that the problems of one member usually reflect problems in the functioning of the entire family |
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Term
| what is structural family therapy? |
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Definition
| concentrates on family communication patterns and focuses on changing conflicting alliances (e.g., parents versus children) that prevent healthy communication. |
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Term
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Definition
| focuses on communication between partners. |
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