Term
| What's the definition of a TIA? |
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Definition
| Its brief, reversible episodes of focal nonconvulsive ischemic nuerological disturbance lasting secs to hours |
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Term
| A TIA is a warning for what? |
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Definition
| A stroke and Heart attack |
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Term
| A stroke is a disruption of what? |
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Definition
| Blood supply to an area of the brain |
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Term
| A stroke can be _______ or ______ and the later is by far the most common |
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Definition
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Term
| Stroke is the leading cause of what? |
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Definition
| serious, long term disability |
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Term
| TIA can involve any of the cerebral arteries. What are they? |
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Definition
| Carotid, branches of the middle, anterior or posterior cerebral or the vertebro-basilar system |
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Term
| What is a negative symptoms that is often associated w/ TIA |
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Definition
| loss of function, like sensation in the arm is gone |
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Term
| are loss of consciousness, syncope or convulsions associated w/ TIA? |
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Definition
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Term
| The brain is fed by two pair of arteries, name them |
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Definition
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Term
| Which veins drain the brain |
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Definition
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Term
| How can you identify the ICA radiographically? |
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Definition
| It doesn't branch until it enters the skull and most of the time there is a bend |
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Term
| Name the advantages and disadvantages in the circle of willis |
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Definition
| An anuerysm and clots can occur anywhere due to the circle. But a clot would not produce a stroke, due to collaterals |
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Term
| What is the first branch of the ICA |
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Definition
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Term
Name the blood supply areas indicated by the number [image] |
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Definition
1. Middle cerebral 2. Posterior cerebral 3. Anterior cerebral |
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Term
| Give the order of events of vascular wall injury |
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Definition
1. Fibrin traps
2. Platelets
3. Platelet activation |
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Term
| What are the 3 types of ischemic strokes |
|
Definition
1. Emboli
2. Thrombolic: obstructing artery
3. Small vessel disease: Most common |
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Term
| What's the most common ischemic stroke? |
|
Definition
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Term
| What's the clinical presentation of embolic TIA/stroke |
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Definition
1. Patient is often awake
2. Onset the patient appears stunned
3. Signs and symptoms improve quickly |
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Term
| What' the treatment for embolic TA/strokes? |
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Definition
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Term
| What's the clinical presentation of thrombotic TIA/strokes |
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Definition
1. Repeat attacks of similar symptoms
2. Signs and symptoms may progress over time |
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Term
| What's the treatment for thrombotic strokes? |
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Definition
| Identify the arterial lesion and CEA or stent placement |
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Term
| If a person wakes up in the middle of the night to use the bathroom and finds that he has minor weakness on his left side. Goes back to sleep and no longer can move his left side. What happened? |
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Definition
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Term
| What's the clinical presentation of Lacunar TIAs/Strokes |
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Definition
1. Damage white matter due to micro emboli blocking small vessels
2. Classic symptoms are: Motor, sensory, sensorimotor, clumsy hand dysarthris, ataxia hemiparesis |
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Term
| How do you treat lacunar strokes |
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Definition
| Control HTN, diabetes and smoking |
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Term
| For TIAs short attacks are most likey due to _______ emboli and large attacks are likely due to _____ emboli |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the 4 levels of tissue damage |
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Definition
1. Core: Irreversibly damaged
2. Ischemic penumbra: Uncertain prognosis
3. Oligaemia Penumbra: At risk only in particular circumstances
4. Not at risk |
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Term
| How long does it take for neurons to exhaust their energy |
|
Definition
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Term
| Which parts of the brain is most vulnerable to ischemia |
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Definition
| Cerebellum, hippocampus and cortex |
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