Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Give the stages of the arousal level continum |
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Definition
wakefullness Sedation Sleep Anesthsia Coma Death |
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Term
| Name the sedative-hypnotics. What are their range |
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Definition
Benzodiazepines: Move from death to wakefulllness Barbiturates: Move from sedation to sleep to sedation |
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Term
| What kind of receptors do Barbiturates and Benzodizepines bind to? |
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Definition
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Term
| GABA is what kind of NT? Where is it expressed? |
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Definition
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Term
| Name 2 things that block GABAs actions |
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Definition
| Bicuculline and picrotoxin |
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Term
| GABA releases what kind of ions |
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Definition
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Term
| Name the Benzodiazepine agonist |
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Definition
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Term
| Name the 2 Benzodiazepine antagonist |
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Definition
Flumazenil Diazepam binding inhibitor |
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Term
| Flumazenil blocks benzodiazepines, but does not block sedative/hypnotic like |
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Definition
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Term
| Triazolam and diazepam exert what? |
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Definition
| Sedative-hypnotic effects |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| How are beta-carbolines produced? What effect does it have on benzodiazpines? |
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Definition
From the breakdown of 5-HT Blocks effects of benzodiazeptines agonist |
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Term
| What are the effects of inverse agonist of benzodiazepine |
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Definition
| Produce anxiety reaction, proconvulsant activity and seizures |
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Term
| when are Benzodiazepines used? |
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Definition
Sedative-hypnotics Anxiety Epilepsy |
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Term
| Where does Benzodiazepines act for sedative-hypnotic effect |
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Definition
| reticular activing system in the brain stem |
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Term
| What effects do benzodiazepines have on the CVS and GI |
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Definition
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Term
| If you combine _____ w/ benzodiazpeines you can produce severe depression |
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Definition
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Term
| Benzodiazepines are metabolized by _______ but do not induce synthesis of _______ |
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Definition
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Term
| What's the MOA for Barbiturates |
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Definition
1. Bind at seperate site at GABA ionphore 2. Increaes the duration of Cl- channel opening 3. Increases the duration of IPSP 4. blocks uptake of GABA |
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Term
| What is a severe adverse effect of Barbiturates |
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Definition
| 1. Produce anesthesia, coma and death |
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Term
| Barbiturates can cause Severe CNS depression when used w/ |
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Definition
| Alcohol, antihistamines and benzodiazepines |
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Term
| What enzyme can barbiturates induce |
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Definition
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Term
| When Barbiturates induce Cyto P450 it increases the metabolism of |
|
Definition
| Anticoagulants, contraceptive, phenytoin, Vit D & K and corticosteriods |
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Term
| What are the clinical uses for benzodiazepines? |
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Definition
Sedative-hypnotic Anti-epileptic Anti-anxiety Anti-depressant Anesthetic adjunct |
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Term
| What are the clinical uses for bartiturates |
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Definition
Anti-epileptic Cerebral edema Short acting anesthetic (dental) |
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Term
| Name some advantages of Benzodiapazine over Barbiturates |
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Definition
Better theraputic indiex Doesn't produce anesthsia and unconsciousness Produce less interactions w/ other drugs Reduce withdraw effects |
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Term
| Which are the benzodiazepines are long lasting? how about short lasting? |
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Definition
long lasting is diazepam Short acting is Traizolam |
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Term
| Name the long acting barbiturate. How about the short lasting |
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Definition
Long acting is Phenobarbital Short acting is Thiopental |
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Term
| Name the 3 types of insomnia |
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Definition
Transient Slow term Long term |
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Term
| What can cause transient insomnia |
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Definition
|
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Term
| What can cause short term insomnia |
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Definition
Job less Death in the family |
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Term
| What's the cause for long term insomnia |
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Definition
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Term
| What makes a good anti-insomnia drug |
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Definition
Decrease in the time to go to sleep Increase in the time spent in sleep |
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Term
| What stage is deep sleep? What about REM |
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Definition
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Term
| Why do you want to prescribe hypnotics as sparing as possible |
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Definition
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Term
| Give the Regimine for prescribeing hypnotics for insomnia |
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Definition
Transient: small dose of rapidly eliminating hypnotic for 1-3 nites Short term: Small dose of a rapidly eliminating hypnotic for 3 weeks Long term: Hypnotic for a longer period of time |
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Term
| Name the Benzodiazepine hypnotic |
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Definition
Triazolam Oxazepam temazepam flurazepam |
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Term
| Trizolam is useful in what age group? |
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Definition
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Term
| What advantage does Trazolam have over flurazepam |
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Definition
| Less of a change in sleep pattern |
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Term
| Oxazepam has a slow onset, why? |
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Definition
| Low lipid solubility so slow penetration into the brain |
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Term
| What are the problems w/ Flurazepam |
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Definition
Decrease REM and sleep stages 3 and 4 Morning after sedation hangover effect Problemic use in the elderly |
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Term
| What are the agents otherthan benzodazepine that bind to that receptor |
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Definition
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Term
| What advantages does Zolpidem contain |
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Definition
| No anxiolytic, anticonvulsant or muscle relaxant |
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Term
| Amyitripyline blocks what? |
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Definition
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Term
| What class of drugs does Amyitripyline land in |
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Definition
| Sedative and anti-depressant |
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Term
| Antihistamines are used in |
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Definition
Cold remedines and anti-vertigo it's a hypnotic too |
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Term
| What are the pros and cons of Chloral hydrate |
|
Definition
inexpensive Tolerance develops |
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Term
| What age group is ethanol used in |
|
Definition
| Elderly for mild hypnotic |
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Term
| Melatonin is secreted by which gland and promotes what |
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Definition
| Pineal gland and promotes sleep |
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