Term
| What are the symptoms of Parkinson's Disease |
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Definition
T-R-A-P Tremor at risk Rigidity: stiffness Akinesia Postural instability |
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Term
| Who's more at risk for Parkinson's |
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Definition
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Term
| what are the non-motor symptoms of Parkinson's |
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Definition
Mood disturbances: Depressoin Cognitive disturbances like memory loss, dementia Sleep disturbances |
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Term
| Which system is damaged in PD |
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Definition
| extra-pyramidal system (basal ganlia to the striatum) |
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Term
| Symptoms of PD are due to the loss of DA where? |
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Definition
| Pars compact of the substantia nigra |
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Term
| Describe idiopathic type of Parkinsonism |
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Definition
| Degeneration of cells in pigmented nuclei of CNS |
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Term
| In Genetic PD, what is mutated |
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Definition
| Alpha synuclein and Parkin genes |
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Term
| what happens in the Latrogenic form of PD |
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Definition
| It's physician induced by Haloperidol, phenthiazine blocking DA receptors or Reserpine, tetrabenzine depleting brain monoamines |
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Term
| Can manganese give you PD |
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Definition
| Yes, it acculumates in the SN |
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Term
| Which stage would use say a patient is in if they have unilateral tremor at rest, decrease occurence of spontaneous movements and decline ability to make rapid movement? |
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Definition
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Term
| What symptom of PD manifest itself at stage 2 |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Stoop posture, gait disturbance, steps become shorter and center of gravity shifts fowards |
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Term
| Name the symptoms of Stage 4 PD |
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Definition
| Decrease tremor and increase in muscle and motor rigidity |
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Term
| What happens in stage 5 PD |
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Definition
Confined to wheel chair dementia decrease in life expentancy |
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Term
| What is uninhibited in PD |
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Definition
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Term
| Which vitamin decreases the effectiveness of L-DOPA. how does it do it? |
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Definition
| Vit B6 and it increases dopa decarboxylase activity |
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Term
| What are some drugs that decrease DA activity |
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Definition
| Chloropromazine, haloperidol blocks DA receptors |
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Term
| How do MAO Inhibitors interfer w/ DA activity? |
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Definition
| MAOb breaks down DA and MAOa breakdown NE and 5-HT in the CNS |
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Term
| Why is L-DOPA used to treat PD |
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Definition
| L-DOPA is the precursor for DA, it crosses the BBB where it is then convered to DA |
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Term
| Why is Carbidopa given w/ L-DOPA? |
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Definition
| Carbidopa inhibits peripheral decarboxylase which prevents L-DOPA to DA, this allows more L-DOPA to get into the brain |
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Term
| What are the side effects of L-DOPA |
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Definition
1. Stimulates the area of CTZ and it causes Nausea 2. Orthostatic hypotension 3. Dyskinesia (involuntary movements) 4. Confusion |
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Term
| What advantage does Benserazid have over Caribdopa when given w/ L-DOPA |
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Definition
| Benserazide is longer acting |
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Term
| Name the 2 COMT inhibitors |
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Definition
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Term
| The COMT inhibitrs (Entacapone/Tocapone) prolong what? |
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Definition
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Term
| What's the difference beween Entacapone and Tolcapone? |
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Definition
| Entacapone acts periperally to stop L-DOPA metabolism and Tolcapone acts peripherally and centrally |
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Term
| What are the DA agonist Ergots |
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Definition
| Bromocriptine and Pergolide |
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Term
| What advantage does bromocriptine have over L-DOPA |
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Definition
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Term
| what drug do you use Bromocriptine w/? |
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Definition
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Term
| Bromocriptine acts on what kind of receptors and is a antagonist on |
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Definition
| Acts on D2 and is an antagonist at D1 |
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Term
| What advantage does Perolide have over Bromocriptine? |
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Definition
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Term
| Pergolide is a agonist at which receptors |
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Definition
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Term
| Why is Pergolide off the market? |
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Definition
| Due to the risk of damaging heart valves |
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Term
| Name the 2 Non-Ergot DA agonist |
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Definition
| Pramipexole and ropinirole |
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Term
| When are the Non-ergot used |
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Definition
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Term
| what's the MOA of Pramipexole |
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Definition
| D3 agonist and might be neuroprotective |
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Term
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Definition
| Selegiline and Rasagiline |
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Term
| When are Selegiline/Rasagiline used? What's it's MOA |
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Definition
Before L-DOPA treatment It increases DA activity by inhibiting MAO-B activity |
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Term
| Name the Anti-cholinergics |
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Definition
1. Benztropine 2. Biperiden 3. Orphenadrine 4. Procyclidine 5. Triheyphenidyl |
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Term
| Benztropine has 2 effects, what are they? |
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Definition
| Ach blocker and a H1 blocker |
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