Term
Sodium requirements for
1. general public
2. HTN or at risk for HTN |
|
Definition
1. general public: 2,300 mg/day
2. HTN (DASH diet): 1,500 mg/day |
|
|
Term
2 main principles of healthy diet
tips on choosing a healthy diet |
|
Definition
1. maintain calorie balance over time to achieve and sustain a healthy weight
2. focus on consuming nutrient-dense foods and drinks
tips:
- choose whole grains, vary veggies, focus on fruit, fat-free and low-fat dairy, go lean w/ protein |
|
|
Term
| 4 classes of energy-yielding nutrients |
|
Definition
Macronutrients: CHO
Protein
Fat
(fiber?)
|
|
|
Term
Carbohydrates in a normal diet:
1. have __ kcal/gram
2. __-__% of total daily kcal
3. consist of ___, ___, ___
4. RDA?
5. provides energy in the form of ___, which increases serotonin in the brain |
|
Definition
1. 4kcal/gram
2. 45-65%
3. sugars, starches, fiber
4. RDA = 130g (prevent ketosis)
5. glycogen |
|
|
Term
| 1 tsp of sugar has 4g of carbs... how many calories? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is a good recommendation for fiber/sugar content in cereal |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Fiber in a normal diet:
1. __-__g/day or __g/1000 kcal
2. Avg US intake: __g/day |
|
Definition
25-34g/day or 14 g/1000 kcal
avg us: 15 g/day
aids in satiety
** need to increase fluids when increasing fiber ** |
|
|
Term
Protein in a normal diet:
1. __ kcal/gram
2. __-__% of daily kcals
3. aids in maintaining fluid balance & increases ___ in the brain |
|
Definition
4 kcal/gram
10-35%
dopamine |
|
|
Term
Fat:
1. __ kcal/g
2. __-__% of daily diet
3. should eat more ___, ____ & ___ and less ___ |
|
Definition
1. 9 kcal/g
2. 20-35%
3. more polyunsaturated, monounsaturated, and omega-3's... less trans/saturated |
|
|
Term
Non-energy-yielding (no calorie) nutrients:
Vitamins:
1. Fat soluble: __, __, __, and ___
2. Water soluble: __ & __
Minerals:
1. Major: 7
2. Trace: 5 |
|
Definition
Fat soluble vits: A, D, E, K
- deficiency leads to hepatomegaly, lethargy, sparse hair
- more risk of toxicity
water soluble: B & C
- more risk of deficiency
Major minerals: Na, K, Ca, P, Cl< Mg, S
Trace: Fe, Zn, Cu, Se, F |
|
|
Term
Water in normal diet:
1. __kcal/ml
2. __ ml/day/kg for healthy pt, ___ for fluid restricted, and ___ for dehydrated |
|
Definition
1 ml/kcal
30 ml/day/kg - normal
25 - restricted
30 - dehydrated |
|
|
Term
Serving sizes:
1. cheese
2. PB
3. Milk
4. Juice
5. Salad dressing |
|
Definition
cheese: 1-1.5 oz
PB: 2 tbs
milk: 1 cup (8 oz)
Juice: 1/2 cup (4 oz)
Salad dressing: 1-2 tbs |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Form of malnutrition in which person does not take in enough calories
- often in combo w/ too little protein
- "skin and bones" appearance
- Anorexia, cancer, Aids, poverty
Pts have low BMI but albumin is ok |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Form of malnutrition in which people have sufficient calories but too little protein
- edema, bloated belly
- low albumin, ok BMI
- low total lymphocyte count |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
What type of deficiency are these seen in?
flag sign
easily pluckable hair
sparse hair
traverse ridging of nails
atrophic lingual papillae (smooth tongue) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
What type of nutrition deficiency are these seen in?
corkscrew hairs
petechiae
pupura |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What nutritional deficiency presents w/ spooned nails? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
What nutritional deficiency?
Angular stomatitis
Atrophic lingual papillae (smooth tongue)
Glossitis
dementia
disorientation
peripheral neuropathy |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
BG goals for DM
fasting and postprandial |
|
Definition
fasting: 90-130
postprandial: <180 |
|
|
Term
Type I DM:
1. Add __ g/carbs for every 30 min/physical activity. may need to lower insulin dose for exercise >30 min
2. use insulin-__ ratio to match insulin with meals |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Gestational DM:
1. 1st trimester characterized by
2. need to increase/decrease insulin in 2nd-3rd trimester |
|
Definition
1. erratic glucose
2. increase |
|
|
Term
General DM diet recommendations:
1. Low ___ diets are NOT recommended
2. Fiber recommendation?
3. sugar recommendation?
4. protein recommendation?
5. fat?
6. alcohol
7. micronutrients? |
|
Definition
1. carb - it is good to count carbs - 15g/portion
2. fiber - same as general public - 20-35g/day
3. can still use sucrose but need to switch to artificial sweetener if they eat a lot of sugar. Fructose has no benefit over sucrose.
4. Protein: 15-20% of calories -- don't increase protein intake
5. 25-35% of total calories -- err more towards 25%. NO trans fat, sat fat <7%. Omega 3 ok, Omega 6 not.
6. alcohol: 3+ drinks/day adds to hyperglycemia
7. micronutrients: no clear benefit of supplements |
|
|
Term
| Glycemic index vs. glycemic load |
|
Definition
glycemic index: actual response
glycemic load: portion size |
|
|
Term
Nutritional requirements for nephrotic syndrome
1. up to __g/kg/day of protein
2. maintain pos __ balance
3. increase plasma ___
4. modest Na restriction: __ g/day
5. Monitor for ___ |
|
Definition
1. 1.5
2. nitrogen
3. albumin
4. 3
5. hypercholesterolemia |
|
|
Term
| Nutritional requirements for Nephritic syndrome? |
|
Definition
| no restrictions unles significant uremia or hyperkalemia |
|
|
Term
Nutritional requirements for ARF
1. goal?
2. high ___ & ___, low ___ & ___
3. may need ___ restriciton
4. monitor for __ losses |
|
Definition
focused on addressing uremia, acidosis, fluid and electrolyte imbalances, and increased metabolic demand
TPN may be needed
- high calories and carbs, low fat and protein
30-40 kcal/day
0.8-1.0 g/kg/day protein
- may need Na restriction - 20-30mEq/day while oliguric
- monitor for K losses |
|
|
Term
| Nutritional requirements for renal tubular acidosis |
|
Definition
70-100 meq/day of bicarbonate ONLY if distal tubules
- can worsen if you give bicarb to proximal tubular disease |
|
|
Term
| Nutritional requirements for pyelo |
|
Definition
hydration
cranberry juice |
|
|
Term
| Nutritional requirements for nephrolithiasis |
|
Definition
HYDRATION - enough to produce 2L urine/day
cysteine stones need even more: 4L day |
|
|
Term
Nutritional requirements for CKD
1. optimum protein intake: ___ g/kg/day
2. K: <__-__ mEq/day (__-__ mg)
3. avoid drugs that raise serum K: ___, ___, ___
4. phosphate < ___ mg/day
5. limit ___ & ___
6. maintain serum bicarb at >___ mEq/L to avoid acidosis
7. >__% iron |
|
Definition
1. protein: 0.8-1.0 g/kg/day
2. <40-70 meq = 1500-2700 mg
3. Avoid NSAIDS, ACE-I, and ARBs
4. Phosphates: <800 mg/day
5. limit Na and lipids
6. >23 meq/L
7. 20% iron |
|
|
Term
| protein needs in dialysis? |
|
Definition
1.2-1.5 g/kg - peritoneal
1-1.2 g/kg - hemodialysis |
|
|
Term
TLC diet:
- focuses on ___ dairy, ___ meats, and ___ oils.
- Total fat: __-__% total cals
- Sat fat: <__% total cals
- Cholesterol: <___ mg/day
- soluble fiber: __-__ g/day
- plant sterols: __ g/day
- weight reduction: >/= ___ lbs or __%
- Exercise: __ min/week |
|
Definition
- low-fat dairy, lean meats, plant oils
- total fat: 25-35%
- sat fat: <7%
- total cholesterol: <200 mg
- fiber: 10-25 g
- plant sterols: 2 g
weight loss: 10 lbs or 10%
exercise: 150 min/week
|
|
|
Term
| What foods are hihg in soluble fiber? |
|
Definition
apples
beans
peas
oats
barley |
|
|
Term
Omega 3 fatty acid recommendations:
1. in pts with CHD
2. in pts who need to lower trigs |
|
Definition
1. CHD - 1 g/day
2. lower trig - 2-4 g/day |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
antioxidant found in wine, grapes, peanuts, blueberries, cranberries
may increase LDL and lower BP |
|
|
Term
| Basic principles of the DASH diet |
|
Definition
high K
low Na (1500 mg/day)
8-10 serviengs of frutis and veggies
make meat a side dish (2 servings/day)
eat a handful of nuts 5x/week for Mg
may reduce LDL 20-30% |
|
|
Term
Lipid Panel:
1. <___ total cholesterol is desirable
2. < ___ LDL for pts with CHD or DM
3. ___ - ___ LDL for normal pts
4. trigs: <___ mg/dl |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
1% decrease in saturated fats = __% decrease in LDL
- limit egg yolks to __ daily
- increase soluble fiber by __-__ g/day, which will reduce LDL by 5%
- ___-___ g plant sterols/day = 6-15% reduction in LDL |
|
Definition
-2% decrease in LDL
- 1 egg yolk/day
- 5-10g fiber
- 2-3 g plant sterols
|
|
|
Term
Recommendded daily intake:
grains
veggies
fruits
dairy
protein
oils |
|
Definition
grains: 6-8 oz
veggies: 2-3 cups
fruits: 1.5-2 cups
dairy: 3 cups
protein: 5-6.5 oz
oils: 5-7 tsp |
|
|
Term
| BMI for Overweight, obese, morbidly obese |
|
Definition
overweight: 25-30 kg/m2
obese: 30-40
morbid: >40 |
|
|
Term
___% of adults >20 y/o are overweight in US
start drugs at BMI of ___ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 5 steps to evaluating an obese pt |
|
Definition
focused hx
PE
comorbidities
fitness level
pt readiness to change
labs: CMP, lipid panel, BP, fasting glucose |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| established CHD, atherosclerosis, PAD, AAA, CAD w/ sx, T2DM, sleep apnea |
|
|
Term
| surgeries for morbid obesity |
|
Definition
restrictive banding (VBG or LASGB)
gastric bypass: roux-en-Y, biliopancreatic diversion, biliopancreatic diversion w/ duodenal switch |
|
|
Term
most likely cause of obesity
- __% of obese pts are insulin resistant
- __% have at least one comorbidity |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| complications of rapid weight loss |
|
Definition
gallstones
rebound weight gain
fails to teach healthy eating and exercise |
|
|
Term
| Formulas for calulating resting energy expenditure (REE) in men and women |
|
Definition
men: 900 + 10(weight)
women: 700 + 7(weight)
multiply by 1.2 for sedentary, 1.4 for mod active, and 1.8 for very active |
|
|
Term
| most mutatable pathogen worldwide |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
HIV:
1. want CD4 > __ to prevent opportunistic infections
2. occurs after a 1-6 week incubation period after becoming infected. roughly 40-60% will have mono-like sx. HIV RNA may be detected but western blot will be neg.
3. occurs anywhere from 14 days to 6 mos after trasmission --> results in + westernblot and temp decrease in CD4
4. 3-15 years w/o tx - period of active viral replication, persistent generalized lymphadenopathy, and CD4 600-1200
5. period of 1-3 years. non-AIDS-defining sx. CD4 100-300
6. AIDS defining dx found primarily with CD4 <___, but often 20-100.
7. CD4 <50. mean survival 12-18 mos. |
|
Definition
1. CD4 >600
2. acute retroviral syndrome
3. seroconversion
4. clinical latency (asymptomatic infection)
5. early symptomatic infection
6. late symptomatic infection, 200
7. advanced HIV |
|
|
Term
Common presentations of AIDS pts
skin, oral, lung, cns |
|
Definition
Skin:
· Condyloma / HPV / Verrucae
· Syphillis
· HSV
· Scabies
· Acute Retroviral Rash
· Kaposi’s Sarcoma
· Herpes Zoster
· Seborrheic dermatitis
· Molluscum contagiosum
Oral Cavity:
· Kaposi’s sarcoma
· Oral candidiasis
· Multiple oral aphthous ulcers / HSV
· Oral leukoplakia
· Oral HPV
· Gingivitis
Lung:
· Community acquired pneumonia
· Atypical organisms
· KS
· Lymphoma
· Viral
· Pneumocystis jiroveci
· Mycobacterium (tuberculosis / avium)
· Histoplasmosis
CNS:
· Toxoplasmosis
· Cyptococcosis
· Neurosyphilis
· Lymphoma
· Dementia
· CMV
Eye – CMV
· CD4 count usually less than 50 /mm3
· Retinitis: (1) symptoms include floaters, decreased visual acuity, visual field loss (2) funduscopic exam: perivascular hemorrhages and exudate
· Can lead to blindness without treatment
· Extra-ocular disease diagnosed by tissue biopsy (intranuclear inclusions)
· This is AIDS defining! |
|
|
Term
Floaters, decreased visual acuity, visual field loss
fundoscopic exam: perivascular hemorrhages and exudate
at CD4 <50 |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
AIDS tests:
1. screens for HIV as well as autoimmune dz
2. confirmatory for HIV
3. quick test done in ERs that gets result in 10-15 min
4. can become pos 5-7 days after infection. detects viral particles. |
|
Definition
1 ELISA
2. western blot
3. antibody testing
4. RNA testing |
|
|
Term
| phenotypic vs. genotypic AIDS testing |
|
Definition
phenotypic: looks for mutations of the virus that erwe drug-induced and assesses for drug resistance
genotypic: looks for the number of mutations of the virus itself |
|
|
Term
When to treat AIDS and how to treat
goal of tx? |
|
Definition
YES:
- asymptomatic + CD4 200-350
- Decreasing CD4 (<200) or increasing (55-100K) VL
- symptomatic
NO:
- CD4 > 350 w/o sx
- HIV VL <20 K
tx - triple drug therapy:
1 NNRTI + 2NRTI
1 PI + 2 NRTI
NNRTI: non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhib
NRTI - nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhib - AZT
PI: protease inhibitor
FI: fusion inhibitor
GOAL: reduce viral load
|
|
|
Term
| ___ is the biggest single contributory factor to HIV transmission between MSM |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When does a person technically have AIDS? |
|
Definition
| CD4 <200 OR documentaiton of AIDS defining condition OR CD4 % <14 |
|
|
Term
67 y/o white female form ohio
2 mos hx of non-productive cough and fever
CXR: numerous spherical nodules resembling pulmonary metastasis w/ hazy borders. hilar adenopathy
no hx of farming or caving |
|
Definition
| histoplasmosis - think AIDS |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
dementia in younger person
aggressive cervical dysplasia in young woman
anemia of chronic disease
neuropathy w/o DM
persistent diarrhea despite tx |
|
|
Term
| what are some organisms that are AIDS-defining? |
|
Definition
pneumocystis jirovecii
toxoplasmosis gondii
mycobacterium avium
mycobacterium tuberculosis
CMV
crypto |
|
|
Term
Tx/prophylaxis for AIDS-defining illnesses:
PCP
MAC
Toxo
TB |
|
Definition
PCP: bactrim
MAC: clarithromycin
Toxo: bactrim/dapsone
TB: INH |
|
|
Term
19 y/o man w/ sore throat, myalgia, and fever x 3d
no hx of HIV
sexually active w/o protcting
high risk activity 7 days ago
h/o herpes and gonorrohea
PE: normal except for injected pharynx and + cervical nodes
neg monospot |
|
Definition
Viral syndrome - could it be acute antiretroviral?
do HIV RNA first, then ELISA/western blot |
|
|
Term
36 y/o woman w/ sore throat, myalgias, arthralgias and fever x3d
referred from ER due to pos HIV test 3 weeks ago
recently divorced. no sexual activity x 1 year
PE: injected pharynx and + cervical nodes |
|
Definition
HIV by hx, stage unknown + viral URI
do ELISA/Western blot + CD4 count, ask about vaccines |
|
|
Term
36 y/o woman w/ sore throat, myalgias, arthralgias, fever x3d
- +HIV test x 4 mos
- VL: 2000
- CD4: 350
- on triple drug therapy x 1 year
PE: fever, cough |
|
Definition
HIV stage 2 + acute viral syndrome
do CXR
don't check CD4 bc she's acutely ill |
|
|
Term
48 y/o male w/ sore throat, myalgia, arthralgias, and fever x3d
- HIV+
- VL: 100,000
- CD4 - 100
- 3rd course of triple regimen - non-compliant
PE: non-productive cough |
|
Definition
AIDS stage 3
need pulse ox, CBC, CXR, sputum culture
admit to hospital |
|
|
Term
sx: severe tooth pain, fever, breath odor, bitter taste, swollen glands, swollen area of mouth
PE: pain when tapping on affected area |
|
Definition
oral abscess
tx: abx, salt water rinses, may need root canal or extraction |
|
|
Term
sx: inflammation/erythema of gums caused by irritaiton from bacteria. GUMS BLEED WHEN FLOSSING
precursor to peridontitis |
|
Definition
gingivitis
tx/prevention: brushing and flossing |
|
|
Term
caused by stress and poor oral hygeine --> infection of spirochetes and fusiform bacilli
sx: gum papilla between teeth dies off + white necrotic tissue --> gingival infalmmation, necrosis, bleeding, halitosis, fever, lymphadenopathy |
|
Definition
acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis (ANUG, "trench mouth")
AKA vincent's angina |
|
|
Term
| bacteria that causes dental caries |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 3 most common dental problems |
|
Definition
dental caries
gingivitis
periodontitis |
|
|
Term
rapidly progressive, potentially fulminant cellulitis that involves sublingual and submandibular spaces
most commonly involves 2nd/3rd molar
from infected or recently extracted tooth
sx: dysphagia, odynophagia, woody edema in sublingual region, fever, dysarthria, drooling, "hot potato" voice |
|
Definition
ludwig's angina
tx: intubation/tracheostomy to secure airway + IV abx |
|
|
Term
| the first step in periodontal disease is? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Types of periodontal disease:
1. the first step
2. very painful nastiness trench mouth
3. basically an abscess in the mouth
4. when there is not enough room for a new tooth to come in and it creates a pocket for debris to get into
5. silver filling causes stain on epithelium
6. papilla grow out and stain
7. yeast infection of the mouth - sore, bleeds, scrapes off. tx?
8. sores in corner of mouth, usually candida from loss of vertical dimention. tx?
9. sore cheeks - looks like spider webs. common in middle aged women. autoimmune response to normal flora. comes and goes. tx/
10. places of papilla voids on tongue, asymptomatic
11. excess tissue - common in pts on dilantin. tx?
12. purple bumps in mouth, non-painful. no tx
13. pink, ballooned salivary duct occurring along bite line on lower lip. sore. pop and go away on their own
14. bony outgrowths in mouth. benign
15. sebaceous galnds seen through unkaratinized tissue - normal
16. sores in unkaratinized tissue only. autoimmune response to stress or periods. white lesion with red border. go away in 7-10 days
17. bigger, multiple, and more severe apthos ulcers |
|
Definition
1. gingivitis
2. ANUG
3. periapical cyst
4. pericoronitis
5. amalgam tatoo
6. hairy tongue
7. candidiasis - nistatin - swish and spit
8. angular cheilosis - get dentures, tx with nistatin
9.lichen planus - oral steroids
10. geographic tongue
11. gingival hyperplasia - tx: gingivectomy
12.varices
13. mucocele
14. torus palatinus/mandibularis
15. fordyce granules
16. apthos stomatitis
17. sutton's disease |
|
|
Term
periodontal disease:
1. occurs only on keritinized tissue - hard palate, gums. sore gums + fever. tx?
2. common in pts w/ dentures. no pain. bone shrinks and there is a space between bone and dentures w/ tissue proliferation. tx?
3. almost always in the bite line. hard callous-like tissue.
4. looks like a stock of grapes. is soft and squishy. probably caused by a wart-like virus. goes away on own but can do electrocautery
5. tumor of pregnancy. big, soft, inflamed tissue between teeth
6. on roof of mouth. looks like sebaceous glands. caused by pipe and cigar smoking
7. white plaques that DON'T rub off. 20% are malignant. may or may not be sore.
8. red lesion that needs to be bx - 90% are malignant |
|
Definition
1. herpes - acyclovir
2. papillary hyperplasia - take dentures out at night
3. irritation fibroma
4. papilloma
5. pyogenic granuloma
6. nicotine stomatitis
7. leukoplakia
8. erythroplakia |
|
|
Term
most common type of oral cancer?
sx: lesions in mouth, may be ulcerated. white or red
snuff lesion: looks like elephant hide, due to oral tobacco
dx via?
tx? |
|
Definition
oral cancer - squamous cell
dx: biopsy
tx: resection, possibly radiation |
|
|
Term
chronic systemic infection caused by treponema pallidum (spirochete)
- characterize by episodes of active disease and periods of latency for years
- primary stage: lesion at site of innoculation (SINGLE, PAINLESS PAPULE) + regional lymphadenopathy - persists for 4-6 weeks
- secondary stage: 6-8 weeks after initial stage. generalized mucocutaneous lesions - often involve palms and soles, can be in eyes or CSF and generalized lymphadenopathy
- tertiary: progressive destrution of mucocutaneous, musculoskeletal, and parenchymal lesions, aortitis, and CNS disease
types of tertiary disease: gumma (benign, granulomatous lesion), CV, neuro
tests? tx? |
|
Definition
syphilis
tests: RPR - preferred
- VDRL - standard for CSF
- FTA-ABS - more specific to syphilis
tx: penicillin G - cures
TCN or Doxy for penicillin allergy |
|
|
Term
sx: often none. occur w/in 1-3 weeks of exposure.
men: dysuria, dicharge, testicular pain, rectal pain
women: dysuria, dyspareunia, rectal pain, PID, vaginal discharge
women> men
test: discharge culture
tx? |
|
Definition
chlamydia
tx: abx, follow up 3 mos |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
chlamydia
HIV
chancroid
gonorrhea |
|
|
Term
infection of the epidermis and dermis in genitals - lifelong
- can be spread even w/o current outbreak
- sx: fever, tachy, malaise, myalgia, pain, itching, dysuria, vaginal/urethral discharge, tender inguinal nodes, widely spaced bilateral lesions on external genitalia. lesions start as vesicles and become pustules and painful erythematous ulcers
prodrome of tingling
sx for each: urethriti, genital tract, proctitis, |
|
Definition
HSV
urethritis - clear discharge
genital tract: endometritis or salpingitis, prostatitis
procititis - anorectal pain, discharge, tenesmus, constipation
tx: cyclovirs
|
|
|
Term
| how do you distinguish between chancroid and HSV ulcers? |
|
Definition
| chancroid are bigger, lack prodrome |
|
|
Term
STD caused by chlamydia. characterized by transient primary genital lesion followed by multilocular suppurative regional lymphadenopathy. can become elephantitis
primary lesion: small, painless vesicle or non-indurated ulcer or papule. heals in a few days. followed by regional lymphadenopathy, and pain
inguinal syndrome: most commmon presenting sx. painful lymphadenopathy
swab for culture and do RPR (will be neg) |
|
Definition
LGV - lymphogranuloma venereum
tx: doxy or erythro for 3 weeks |
|
|
Term
MOST COMMON STD
- over 100 types
sx: genital warts or warts in throat. can be transmitted from mom to baby
can become cancerous
tx? |
|
Definition
HPV
tx: podofilox or imiliquimod - pt applied
cryotherapy or podphyllin resin or trichloroacetic acid - provider applied |
|
|
Term
HPV vaccine is recommended for girls __-__ y/o
catch up vaccine for ages ___-___
prevents HPV 16, 18, 6, and 11 |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
infection caused by gram neg streptobacillus - haemophilus ducreyi
sx: >1 PAINFUL ulcer w/ erythema, regional adenopathy
neg RPR and HSV tests
tx? |
|
Definition
chancroid
azithro, ceftriaxone, cipro - single IM doses
curative |
|
|
Term
STD of the epithelium that commonly manifests as cervicitis, urethritis, proctitis, conjunctivits, and vaginitis
reportable
2nd most common cause of PID
urethritis: urethral discharge and dysuria
pharyngeal: discharge. looks like strep but doesn't disappear when swallowing
cervicitis: mucopurulent discharge, inflamed cervix, dysuria, urethritis, dyspareunia, lower abd/back pain, cystitis
vaginitis: rare
gram stain: gram neg intracellular diplococci
disseminated infection can result in VASCULITIS |
|
Definition
gonorrhea
ceph + azithro or doxy |
|
|
Term
Condoms will protect against what STDs?
Won't protect against which? |
|
Definition
NO: HPV, HSV, Syph, chancroid
YES: Gonorrhea, chlamydia, trich, HIV |
|
|
Term
asymptomatic viral shedding... think ?
asymptomatic viral shedding + cancers... think?
primary/secondary/late-latent phase... think? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Ulcerative STDS:
2 painful
3 non-painful |
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Definition
Painful: HSV
chancroid
non-painful: Syphilis , granuloma inguinale, lymphogranuloma venereum |
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Term
penile d/c for 2 days w/ dysuria
PE: mucupurulent d/c, no nodes or scrotal involvement
same pt returns 2 weeks later (untreated) w/ low grade fever and arthralgia + sores on hands |
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Definition
gonococcal urethritis
disseminated gonococcal infection - vasculitis
- IV abx |
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Term
| pt with GC is treated with ceftriaxone and comes back a few weeks later and is still sick... what happened? |
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Definition
had chlamydia co-infection
need to treat GC with cef + azithro or doxy |
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Term
| painless penile/vaginal/elsewhere on the body ulcer x2 days |
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Definition
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Term
22 y/o male with non-pruritic, non- painful rash x5 days - covers entire torso and palms of hands. otherwise no sx.
what std could this be |
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Definition
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Term
| Pt comes in for healthcare insurance PE. hasn't been to dr in 10 years. RPR comes back pos. what dx? |
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Definition
| latent syphilis of unknown duration |
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Term
| 25 y/o male with small, painless penile ulcer + significant adenopathy and fever |
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Definition
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Term
multiple painful penile/vaginal ulcers x2 days with discharge after returning from a trip to a developing country 2 weeks ago
PE: tender lymphadenopathy
no evidence of t. pallidum or HSV |
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Definition
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Term
| painful lesions of grouped vesicles x1 day. pt reports never having had this before. had a tingling sensation before vesicles appeaed |
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Definition
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Term
| recurrent pruritic, painful leesion associated with prodrome |
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Definition
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Term
__% of women w/ chlamydia will by asx
__% of men will be |
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Definition
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Term
Vag infections
1. diffuse, malodorous, yellow-green discharge
2. caused by rplacement of normal flora w/ overgrowth of garnderella vaginallis. white discharge + fishy odor. do KOH prep. Clue cells
3. yeast infection - pseudohyphae |
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Definition
1. trich
2. bacterial vaginosis - not an STD
3. candidiasis |
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Term
may occur in NGU or other male STD infection. risk increased with HLA-B27 antigen
arthritis + ulcers on penis |
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Definition
| reactive arthritis - reiter's syndrome |
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