Term
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Definition
| What is used as a means to evaluate risk of atherogenic heart disease or peripheral vascular disease? |
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Term
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Definition
| Protein component of lipoprotein is composed of several polypeptides called what? |
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Term
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Definition
| What do apolipoproteins bind to the receptors on cell surfaces? |
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Term
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Definition
| What facilitates lipid uptake in cells? |
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Term
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Definition
| What helps to regulate glucose movement in and out of cells? |
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Term
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Definition
| What hormone decrease blood sugar? |
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Term
1. Increased or decreased metabolism of carbohydrates into sugar
2. Increased/decreased rate of consumption of glucose by cells
3. Hormones help to regulate glucose movement into and out of cells
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Definition
In which ways does blood glucose change?
(3 ways)1 |
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Term
| glucagon, cortisol, epinephrine, growth hormone |
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Definition
Which hormones increase blood sugar?
(4 of them) |
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Term
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Definition
| What is a normal fasting glucose? |
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Term
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Definition
| What is a normal fasting glucose in a pt with gestational diabetes? |
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Term
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Definition
| What is a normal fasting glucose for a pt with non-gestational diabetes? |
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Term
| high glycosylated hemoglobin level |
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Definition
| What level indicates poor control in diabetes? |
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Term
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Definition
| What is the normal non-diabetic level of glycosolated hemoglobin? |
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Term
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Definition
| What test is used to monitor diabetic therapy and differentiate short term hyperglycemia from a diabetic condition? |
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Term
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Definition
| Which test could be used to determine if a pt is lying about their diabetes control? |
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Term
1. triglycerides
2. total cholesterol
3. HDL
4. LDL
5. Chol:HDL ratio |
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Definition
Which lipids are included in a lipid panel?
(there are 5) |
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Term
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Definition
| What is a normal triglyceride level of a lipid panel? |
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Term
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Definition
| What is a normal total cholesterol level of a lipid panel? |
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Term
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Definition
| What is a normal HDL level of a lipid panel? |
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Term
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Definition
| What is a normal LDL level of a lipid panel? |
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Term
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Definition
| What is a normal Chol:HDL ratio of a lipid panel? |
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Term
Changes with fasting: tryiglycerides
Does not: Total Cholesterol |
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Definition
What part of the lipid panel changes with fasting state?
Which does not? |
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Term
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Definition
| Dehydration, gammopathies, liver disease and collagen disorders all tend to cause what? |
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Term
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Definition
| Increased protein loss, increased catabolism, decreased synthesis all cause what? |
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Term
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Definition
nephrotic syndrome, burns, inflammation, malignancy, liver disease, decreased amino acid intake
All of these diseases can cause what? |
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Term
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Definition
| What is involved in the conversion of creatinine phosphate to creatinine in muscle contraction? |
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Term
| CKMB (creatinine kinase myocardial bands) |
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Definition
| What rises 3-6 hours after a MI? |
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Term
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Definition
| CKMB peaks after a MI how long after? |
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Term
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Definition
| How long after a MI will CKMB normalize? |
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Term
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Definition
| What does not usually rise in transient chest pain caused by angina, PE or CHF? |
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Term
1. unstable angina
2. shock
3. malignant hyperthermia
4. myocarditis |
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Definition
What will cause an increase in CKMB?
(there are 4) |
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Term
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Definition
| What levels are more accurate for cardiac muscle injury? |
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Term
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Definition
| Which levels will always be normal in non-cardiac injury? |
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Term
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Definition
| Troponin T remains elevated for how many days? |
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Term
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Definition
| Which troponin levels remain elevated for 7-10 days? |
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Term
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Definition
| Getting which levels are not helpful for reinfarct? |
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Term
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Definition
| What kind of changes in the liver is associated with rises in LDH, AST, ALT? |
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Term
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Definition
| Injury resulting in cell death results leads to leakage in ______ enzymes. |
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Term
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Definition
| Which enzyme is associated with mitochondria? |
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Term
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Definition
| Which enzyme are associated with canalicular? |
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Term
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Definition
| An obstructive process and accumulation of bile acids releases ____________ enzymes. |
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Term
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Definition
| What is elevated following MI but also can be elevated following liver disease or injury? |
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Term
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Definition
| What is elevated with cirrhosis, liver tumor or abcess, drug or ETOH damage, or hepatitis? |
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Term
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Definition
| What is a good indicator of acute liver cell damage? |
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Term
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Definition
| Most elevations of this are due to liver disease? |
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Term
| alcoholic liver disease, active cirrhosis |
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Definition
ALT is less elevated than AST in what diseases?
(2 of them) |
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Term
|
Definition
| What is used to confirm that AST elevation is due to liver injury? |
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Term
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Definition
| Does ALT remain elevated longer or shorter than AST? |
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Term
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Definition
| What is not significantly elevated with normal ETOH use, but is elevated with chronic use and binge drinking? |
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Term
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Definition
| GGT is advocated as a screeing test for what? |
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Term
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Definition
| What can be used to confirm whether ALP is b/c of liver disease or not? |
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Term
Cancer
*gallstones is second |
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Definition
| If a 65 y/o pt has an increase in bilirubin, what is your first suspicion? |
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Term
| Viral infection, ETOH, & gallstones are all equal |
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Definition
| A 45 y/o pt has an increase in bilirubin, what is the most common cause? |
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Term
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Definition
| What is the most common cause for an increase in bilirubin in a pt under 30 y/o? |
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Term
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Definition
| A normal level of what rules out any significant impairment of the excretory function of the liver or excessive hemolysis of RBC's? |
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Term
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Definition
| What is a critical value of bilirubin in newborns? |
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Term
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Definition
| What is a critical adult value for bilirubin? |
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Term
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Definition
| What is secreted from pancreatic cells from the pancreatic duct? |
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Term
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Definition
| What aids in catabolism of carbohydrates in the intestine? |
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Term
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Definition
| What is used to monitor and detect the pancreas? |
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Term
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Definition
| What would you order with a pt who present with acute abdominal pain? |
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Term
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Definition
| Abnormal levels of amylase rise within how many hours of onset of disease? |
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Term
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Definition
| How many hours after the disease onset do the amylase levels clear? |
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Term
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Definition
| What is secreted by the pancreas into the duodenum to break down triglycerides? |
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Term
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Definition
| What is lipase excreted by? |
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Term
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Definition
| In what disease do lipase levels parallel the rise in amylase, but then rise later? |
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Term
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Definition
Lipase is less ______ but more _____ than amylase as an indicator of pancreatitis.
a. sensitive, specific
b. specific, sensitive |
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