Term
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Definition
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Term
| blood sugar - normal level |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| bicarbonate - normal level |
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Definition
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Term
| blood sugar - panic values |
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Definition
over 450 mg/dl
under 40 mg/dl |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
over 13 mg/dl
under 6 mg/dl |
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Term
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Definition
over 120 mEq/L
under 70 mEq/L |
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Term
| creatinine - panic values |
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Definition
| over 10 mg/dl (nondialysis pts) |
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Term
| creatinine - normal level |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
men: 3.5-7.2 mg/dl
women: 2.6-6.0 mg/dl |
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Term
| bicarbonate - panic values |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
under 2.5 mEq/L
over 7.0 mEq/L |
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Term
|
Definition
over 15 mEq/L
under 1.0 mEq/L |
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Term
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Definition
over 155 mEq/L
under 120 mEq/L |
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Term
| hypernatremia - primary cause |
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Definition
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Term
| elevated calcium levels can result in: |
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Definition
| cardiotoxicity, arrhythmias, coma |
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Term
| deficient (panic) levels of calcium can result in: |
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Definition
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Term
| abnormal potassium levels can result in: |
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Definition
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Term
| deficient (panic) sodium levels can result in: |
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Definition
| weakness, neurologic symptoms such as confusion, convulsions, decreased reflexes, coma, stupor |
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Term
| elevated (panic) sodium levels can result in: |
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Definition
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Term
| most common test for acute pancreatitis |
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Definition
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Term
| T or F: amylase has a quick elevation with inflammation of the pancrease |
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Definition
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Term
| T or F: amylase is used to monitor pts with chronic pancreatitis |
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Definition
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Term
| serum levels of this pancreatic enzyme remain elevated longer and are sensitive for pancreatitis |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| T or F: lipase is found in both the pancreas and salivary glands |
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Definition
F
this is TRUE for AMYLASE |
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Term
| T or F: amylase is usually decreased in advanced chronic pancreatitis |
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Definition
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Term
| T or F: liver patients will have decreased ALT after long-standing liver disease |
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Definition
True
Pts can't make the enzymes anymore |
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Term
| Name the 7 Sacred Questions in px |
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Definition
First onset
Duration of current onset
Location
Quality of pain
Quantity of pain (scale of 1-10)
Does it move or stay localized?
Anything make it better?
Anything make it worse? |
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Term
| T or F: When a patient presents abdominal pain, one may or may not choose to draw pancreatic enzymes |
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Definition
False
ALWAYS want this when pt presents abdominal pain |
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Term
|
Definition
measured cations - measured anions
[K + Na + Ca] - [Cl + HCO3] |
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Term
| Na, K, Cl, CO2, BUN, Creat, BS, Ca |
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Definition
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Term
The following labs are suggestive of which of the following diseases BUN = 30 mg/dL, creatinine = 3 mg/dL
a)renal failure
b)hepatitis
c)diabetes |
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Definition
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Term
| What test is used to diagnose gestational diabetes? |
|
Definition
| glucose tolerance test (GTT) |
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Term
| What is the most accurate measure of renal fxn? |
|
Definition
| 24 hr creatinine clearance |
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Term
| circulating bilirubin that has not yet been taken up by the liver |
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Definition
| unconjugated, reported as indirect |
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Term
| most appropriate test to diagnose acute Hepatitis A infection |
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Definition
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Term
| laboratory findings consistent with primary hyperthyroidism |
|
Definition
decreased TSH
elevated total T4 and T3 |
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Term
|
Definition
| NSAIDS, oxygen, diuretics, and antibiotics |
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|
Term
| labs consistent with primary hypothyroidism |
|
Definition
elevated TSH
decreased free T4 |
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Term
| What is a differential count? |
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Definition
| subtypes of the white blood cells |
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Term
| T or F: diet and lifestyles changes are always the first therapy regarding lipids lab results |
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Definition
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Term
| Known causes of a decrease in WBCs |
|
Definition
| leukemia, viral infection, and AIDS |
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|
Term
| Known causes of a decrease in WBCs |
|
Definition
| leukemia, viral infection, and AIDS |
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Term
| What does a shift to the left mean? |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| What HDL levels call for statin treatment in men? Women? |
|
Definition
less than 40 in men
less than 50 in women |
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Term
| Glucosuria is caused by what? |
|
Definition
| when blood sugar levels exceed the reabsorption capacity of the kidney |
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Term
| Most abdundant extracellular cation |
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Definition
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Term
Which of the following enzymes is found in large quantities in the bone and other organs?
a)AST
b)ALT
c)ALP |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Hypernatremia is most commonly associated with what? |
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Definition
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Term
| major intracellular cation |
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Definition
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Term
| What does insulin do to blood potassium levels? |
|
Definition
| decreases the levels by causing it to move into the cells |
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Term
| Lithium and Depakote are used to treat what? |
|
Definition
| bipolar disorder and seizure disorder |
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Term
| Digoxin is used to treat what? |
|
Definition
| heart arrhythmias and heart failure |
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Term
| People on digoxin are very sensitive to what? |
|
Definition
potassium levels
pts can easily become hyperkalemic |
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Term
| Major disturbances to sodium levels can result in what? |
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Definition
| neurological changes and changes to mental status |
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Term
| What are the two most common cauess of hypercalcemia? |
|
Definition
| cancer and hyperparathyroidism |
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Term
| T or F: deep vein thrombosis is the most common cause of pulmonary embolism? |
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Definition
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Term
| A platelet count of less than 20,000 poses a significant clinically risk of what? |
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Definition
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Term
| You treat a pt for hypothyroidism. Her labs reveal elevated TSH levels. What does this mean? |
|
Definition
| you need to increase her thyroxine dosage |
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Term
| Secondary polycythemia vera is commonly caused by what? |
|
Definition
|
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Term
| What is the definitive diagnostic test for sickle cell disease? |
|
Definition
| Hemoglobin electrophoresis |
|
|
Term
What type of anemia?
Hgb 10
Hct 32
MCV low |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Volume overload may lead to a false negative or false positive diagnosis of anemia by: |
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Definition
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Term
| The presence of any type of cast in the urine indicates what? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which of the following, when increased, gives the first evidence of Hepatitis B infection? |
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Definition
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Term
| CD4+ lymphocyte levels are used to tell you what about an HIV/AIDS patient's treatment? |
|
Definition
| an indicator for when to start preventive therapy for opportunistic infections |
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Term
| Bilirubin is metabolized into urobilinogen in which part of the body? |
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Definition
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Term
| The urine dipstick is positive for nitrates. This indicates what? |
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Definition
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Term
| Your patient has been diagnosed with acute pyelonephritis. Which type of casts would you expect to see on microscopic analysis of the urine? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which 2 liver function tests most closely reflect a patient's state of hydration? |
|
Definition
| albumin and total protein |
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Term
| Which one of the liver enzymes is elevated in all forms of liver disease and much more sensitive than either AST or ALT? |
|
Definition
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Term
| You have a new patient who presents to the clinic with jaundice. If you can only do one laboratory test to evaluate the reason behind the jaundice, what test would you do? |
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Definition
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Term
| The most common cause of hyponatremia is what? |
|
Definition
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Term
| Any patient with diabetes who demonstrates urine ketones needs which lab test done to rule in or rule out diabetic ketoacidosis? |
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Definition
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Term
| T or F: ALP levels can be elevated in children due to bone growth. |
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Definition
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