Term
| What is Raynaud's disease? |
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Definition
| Small artery disease leading to uncomfortable, sudden blanching of the hands and fingers, especially in women. |
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Term
| What is Buerger's disease? |
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Definition
| Autoimmune, males in 20s and 30s, causes necrosis of digits, usually on hands, seen rarely with marijuana |
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Term
| How do veins differ in the arms and legs? |
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Definition
| Legs - thinner walls, higher pressure, have to return against gravity |
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Term
| People with edema might experience ________ during the night? |
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Definition
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Term
| In a bed bound patient, what sort of edema should be checked? |
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Definition
| Dependent edema (sacrum, butt, back) |
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Term
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Definition
| 2 mm, slight, rapidly disappears, no distortion |
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Term
|
Definition
| 4 mm, disappears in 10-15 sec, no distortion |
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Term
|
Definition
| 6 mm, disappears in >1 minute, leg looks larger |
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Term
|
Definition
| 8 mm, can last 5 minutes, leg markedly larger |
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Term
| Hard edema is caused by... |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the worldwide number one cause of edema? |
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Definition
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Term
| Venous leg ulcers are seen in what percentage of 60-year-olds? |
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Definition
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Term
| A tall person standing with no venous valves can reach a venous pressure of... |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the dark pigment in chronic venous insufficiency caused by? |
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Definition
| Deposition of iron from RBCs |
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Term
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Definition
| Endothelial injury, abnormal flow, hypercoagulable stat. Can lead to DVT. |
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Term
| What are the classic signs of inflammation? |
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Definition
| Rubor, calor, dolor, tumor |
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Term
| Possibly 100k to 200k preventable deaths per year from what? |
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Definition
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Term
| If you see hypertension and bradycardia in an obtunded or comatose pt, expect... |
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Definition
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Term
| Hypothermia, hypotension and tachycardia - likely etiology is... |
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Definition
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Term
| Hypotension and tachycardia after an auto accident is probably... |
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Definition
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Term
| Hypotension and tachycardia with chest pain is likely... |
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Definition
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Term
| Hypotension and bradycardia with chest pain is likely... |
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Definition
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Term
| Why can trained athletes have low resting HRs? |
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Definition
| High vagal tone, ideal O2 delivery and utilization |
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Term
| What medications can cause bradycardia? |
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Definition
| Beta blockers, Ca channel blockers, digitalis, drug overdoses |
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Term
| How can hyperkalemia and hyperthyroidism affect HR? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is vasovagal syncope? |
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Definition
| A drop in BP and HR leading to syncope |
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Term
| The flight-fight response can be kept maximal for how long? |
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Definition
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Term
| Sinus tachycardia is secondary to... |
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Definition
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Term
| Atrial contraction improves filling of the main pump by how much? |
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Definition
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Term
| Paroxysmal supraventricular tach - rate? |
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Definition
|
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Term
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Definition
| 240 - 360, ventricular rate 150 |
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Term
| What is the ventricular rhythm seen in A-fib? |
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Definition
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Term
| Problematic ventricular rhythms are usually associated with what kind of change in BP? |
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Definition
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Term
| Ventricular tachycardia usually has a _______ QRS |
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Definition
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Term
| Ventricular flutter has a rate of _____. Waves or no waves? |
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Definition
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Term
| In ventricular fibrillation, what kind of waves or QRS do you see? |
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Definition
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Term
| Who was the first person to measure blood pressure? What animal did he use? |
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Definition
| Rev. Stephen Hales, a horse |
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Term
| Korotkoff sounds were identified in what year? |
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Definition
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Term
| Estimating BP by palpating is how far off real BP? |
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Definition
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Term
| Pulse pressure depends on what 3 main factors? |
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Definition
| Stroke volume of heart, compliance of aorta and peripheral artery resistance. |
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Term
| Rx after how many measurements of HTN? |
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Definition
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Term
| What proportion of adults over 60 have HTN? |
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Definition
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Term
| What proportion of young individuals and middle ages persons are in the low risk category? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the difference in longevity for those in the low risk category of HTN? |
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Definition
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Term
| In the low category of HTN, how much reduction of risk of death in all categories? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the definition of a hypertensive emergency? |
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Definition
| >180/120 with symptoms in end organs (commonly CNS) |
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Term
| BP cuff does not pick up pressure well if it is below... |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the definition of orthostatic hypotension? |
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Definition
| Drop of at least 15 mm Hg systolic accompanied by increased HR upon standing. |
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Term
| What is malignant hyperthermia? |
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Definition
| Autosomal dominant condition causing reaction to anesthesia - the thanes and fluranes, succinylcholine. |
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Term
| Damage begins at what temperature? |
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Definition
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