catalyse hydrolytic cleavage of various esters of choline; including degradation of anesthetics and cocaine

synthesized in the liver

will have lowered cholinesterase synthesis: lowered activity

leads to: longer activation of acetylcholine, anesthetics, and cocaine - enzyme that normally breaks them down isn't being produced

cause irreversible (covalent) inhibition of the enzyme

Mild-moderate: tetany symptoms

severe: paralysis due to inability to repolarize cell membrane

medically: use atropine sulfate to inhibit it

Liver (acute viral hep., cirrhosis, cholestatic jaundice)

Lesser extent: determination of skeletal muscle disease/circulatory failure

both AST and ALT are present in circulatory failure & acute viral hepatitis, increase is higher in case of hepatitis

4 isoenzymes found in: LIVER, BONE, placenta, and intestine

increases with pregnancy/childhood due to placenta/bone proliferation

High in: bone diseases with increased osteoblastic activities

Increases: high fat meals (liver metabolism)

Increases: bilary tract diseases (intestine necrosis/cholestasis)

was used for: prostate testing, liver, erythrocytes, platelets, and bone

PSA (Prostate Specific Antigen): used for prostate - others can be measured by other means

LDH 1: increases with acute MI

LDH 5: increases with acute hepatitis

makes ATP available for the first 10 seconds of rapid exercise - 3 isoforms

CK-MB: most important enzyme for detection of MI

used for detection of LIVER disease

can be used to rule out/prove bone vs liver disease when comparing with ALP

will be raised with: cholestatic liver disease (confirm with ALP)

only intrahepatic bile duct damage will lead to release of ALP/Gamma GT

if just hepatocytes are damaged: AST and ALT are elevated

found mainly in PANCREASE and salivary glands

used to detect: acute pancreatitis

the first enzyme to raise: CK-MB within 3 hours of onset

2nd: AST - peaks at 48 hours

3rd: LDH