Shared Flashcard Set

Details

Clinical Chemistry Exam 1 Lecture 5
Protein Analysis
70
Chemistry
Undergraduate 3
01/31/2015

Additional Chemistry Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
Kjeldahl
Definition
Classic method for quantitating total protein
Term
Kjeldahl =
Definition
Total Nitrogen Content x 16%
Term
Biuret
Definition
Routine method for quantitating total protein
Term
Biuret process
Definition
Cupric ions + peptide bonds = Violet
Required 2 or more peptide bonds and an alkaline medium
Color is proportional to protein concentration
Term
For Biuret you should read color on a spec at ____ nm
Definition
540
Term
Should you avoid hemolysis with Biuret
Definition
Yes
Term
Dye-Binding is often associated with which type of substance?
Definition
Albumin
Term
Albumin + dye absorbs light at about _____ nm
Definition
600
Term
True or False:
Absorbance is directly proportional to albumin concentration with Dye-Binding testing method
Definition
True
Term
Dye Binding Principle
Definition
Positive charged Albumin + Negative charged dye
Term
What types of dyes are associated with Dye-Binding?
Definition
Bromcresol green
Bromcresol purple
Methyl Orange
Term
Nephelometry
Definition
Serum proteins added to specific antibody
Detectors measure light scatter caused by ag-ab complexes
Amount of light is proportional to the protein's concentration
Term
What substances are often associated with Nephelometry
Definition
Tf
Hapt
Immunoglobulins
C'
Term
Is Serum Protein Eelectrophoresis quantitative or semi-quantitative?
Definition
Semi-quantitative
Term
With the SPE in what direction will negatively charged proteins travel?
Definition
Toward the anode (+)
Term
What does the rate of migration with the SPE depend on?
Definition
Size
Charge
Shape
Time
Support Media
Endosmosis
Term
What are the support media associated with SPE?
Definition
Cellulose acetate
Agarose gel
Polyacrylamide gel
Term
Stains used with SPE?
Definition
Ponceau S
Amido Black
Coomassie Blue
Term
A _____ converts visible protein bands into peaks. The area under each peak can be semi-quantitated.
Definition
Densitometer
Term
Monoclonal gammopathy
Definition
[image]
Term
Polyclonal gammopathy
Definition
[image]
Term
Hypogammaglobulinemia
Definition
[image]
Term
Alpha 1-Antitrypsin deficiency
Definition
[image]
Term
Beta-Gamma bridging
Definition
[image]
Term
Nephrotic Syndrome
Definition
[image]
Term
Normal SPE
Definition
[image]
Term
Proliferation of one clone of immunoglobulin
Definition
Monoclonal gammopathy
Term
What diseases are associated with Monoclonal Gammopathy
Definition
Multiple Myeloma
Waldenstrom's Macroglobulinemia
Term
True or False:
SPE does not identify the specific protein
Definition
True
Term
What test would you run after SPE?
Definition
IFE
Term
True or False:
M spike may appear in alpha 2, beta, or gamma regions
Definition
True
Term
What type of SPE are Osteolytic lesions and elevated calcium often associated with?
Definition
Monoclonal Gammopathy
Term
Increase in all gamma proteins
Definition
Polyclonal gammopathy
Term
What illnesses are often associated with Polyclonal Gammopathy
Definition
Chronic inflammation
Infections
Term
Hypogammaglobulinemia is associated with what type of illness?
Definition
Immunodeficiency
Term
Is Hypogammaglobulinemia inherited or acquired?
Definition
Both
Term
How can Hypogammaglobulinemia be acquired?
Definition
Cancer, chemo, HIV, etc.
Term
What illness is associated with Alpha 1-Antitrypsin deficiency?
Definition
Emphysema
Term
Beta-gamma bridging is associated with what type of gamma proteins?
Definition
Fast-moving
Term
What illness is Beta-gamma bridging associated with?
Definition
Liver cirrhosis
Term
In Nephrotic syndrome what substance is associated with increased protein loss through the kidneys?
Definition
Acute phase reactants
Term
In Nephrotic syndrome what substance is associated with decreased protein loss through the kidneys?
Definition
Albumin
Term
Globulin =
Definition
Total protein - Albumin
Term
Normal Ratio of A/G
Definition
1.5 to 1
Term
Low A/G ratio
Definition
Too many globulins or Too little albumin
Term
High A/G ratio
Definition
Not enough globulins
Term
What illnesses are associated with: low A/G ratio due to too many globulins
Definition
MM
Autoimmune diseases
Term
What illnesses are associated with: low A/G ratio due to too little albumin
Definition
Renal disease
Liver disease
Term
What illnesses are associated with: not enough globulins
Definition
Genetic
Leukemia
Immunosuppressed
Term
Immunofixation Electrophoresis
Definition
Identifies the specific protein causing the M spike on SPE or UPE
Term
Normal Urine protein electrophoresis
Definition
Urine concentrated x 100
Term
Normal Urine protein electrophoresis shows only a _____ amount of albumin
Definition
small
Term
Urine with Bence Jones Protein
Definition
Obvious M Spike
IFE needed to identify type of light chain present
Term
What type of band is more obvious with a Normal CSF Electrophoresis?
Definition
prealbumin
Term
CSF with Oligoclonal Bands
Definition
Abnormal banding in the gamma region
IgG Index >0.8
Term
What disease is CSF with Oligoclonal Bands consistent with?
Definition
Multiple Sclerosis
Term
Which type of Electrophoresis is fast and requires little sample?
Definition
Capillary (Zone) Electrophoresis
Term
With Capillary Electrophoresis, when the capillary is connected to a power supply, the charged molecules migrate at different rates depending on what?
Definition
net charge
Term
Capillary Electrophoresis: ____ are measured by absorbance as they pass through a detector
Definition
Proteins
Term
Plasma Viscosity
Definition
Non-specific measure of protein changes due to inflammation/tissue damage
Term
Does Plasma Viscosity Increase or Decrease in parallel to the ESR
Definition
Increase
Term
Is Plasma Viscosity affected by hematocrit or testing delays?
Definition
No
Term
What diseases is an increased plasma viscosity associated with?
Definition
Myeloma
Hyperfibrinogenemia
Term
How is Plasma Viscosity measured with?
Definition
Viscometer
Term
What are the reporting units of Plasma Viscosity?
Definition
Centipoises (cP or cps)
Term
What is the Normal Rate of Plasma Viscosity?
Definition
1.1-1.5 cP
Term
Water at Room Temperature is about ___ cP
Definition
1
Term
What is the Critical Value for Plasma Viscosity?
Definition
>3.0 cP
Term
If G is increased or A is decreased the ratio will be low. What 3 diseases are associated with this?
Definition
MM
Chronic Disease
Nephrotic Syndrome
Term
If G is decreased the ratio will be high. What disease is associated with this?
Definition
Immune Suppression
Supporting users have an ad free experience!