Term
| Amino Acids are the building blocks of ... |
|
Definition
| proteins and nonprotein nitrogen compounds |
|
|
Term
| What do Amino Acids Regulate? |
|
Definition
Growth
Repair
Maintenance of all cells |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Amino Group (NH2)
Carboxyl Group (COOH)
Side Chain (R) |
|
|
Term
Source of Amino Acids:
____ synthesized in sufficient quantities
____ "essential" |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where must the 9 essential AAs be supplied from? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Diet
Newly synthesized
Those released from protein breakdown |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Rare, inherited "inborn errors" of amino acid metabolism |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Phenylalanine accumulates |
|
|
Term
| What illnesses are associated with PKU? |
|
Definition
Mental disabilities
Seizures
Behavioral Problems |
|
|
Term
| What should you treat PKU with? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the statistics with PKU? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What odor in the urine is associated with PKU? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Does Arkansas require PKU to be screen in newborns? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
3 types ranging in mild to severe
Temporary in some preemies |
|
|
Term
| What is the statistics on Tyrosinemia? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the 5 illnesses associated with Tyrosinemia? |
|
Definition
| Failure to thrive, mental defects, vision problems, liver & kidney failure |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Homogentistic acid
Urine darkens upon exposure to air |
|
|
Term
| What are the 4 illnesses associated with Alkaptonuria? |
|
Definition
Arthritis
Heart Problems
Kidney stones in mid-30s
Skin pigmentation |
|
|
Term
| What is the statistics on Alkaptonuria? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Maple Syrup Urine Disease |
|
Definition
| Sweet odor or urine and breath |
|
|
Term
| What are the 3 substances associated with Maple Syrup Urine Disease? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the 4 illnesses associated with MSUD |
|
Definition
| Failure to thrive, seizures, coma, death |
|
|
Term
| What is the statistics on MSUD? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the 3 illnesses associated with Homocystinuria |
|
Definition
Nearsightedness
Abnormal blood clotting
Brittle Bones |
|
|
Term
| What are the 2 less common illnesses associated with Homocystinuria? |
|
Definition
Mental defects
Abnormal growth |
|
|
Term
| What is the Statistics on Homocystinuria? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the statistics on Cystinuria? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the 3 illnesses associated with Cystinuria? |
|
Definition
Defect in reabsorption/transport system
Kidney stones at a young age
Recurring UTIs |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
4 types.
Lack of melanin in skin, hair, and eyes.
Photosensitivity and astigmatism. |
|
|
Term
| What are people with Albinism at an increased risk for? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the statistic on Albinism? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Proteins are found in all ____, ____, ____, and _____ |
|
Definition
Cells
Fluids
Secretions
Excretions |
|
|
Term
| What is the composition of proteins? |
|
Definition
16% Nitrogen
Carbon
Oxygen
Hydrogen
Sulfur |
|
|
Term
| Linked amino acids create what kind of bond? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Most average 200-300 amino acids to form a ______ ______ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Primary Structure of Proteins |
|
Definition
| The specific sequence of amino acids; |
|
|
Term
| Secondary Structure of Proteins |
|
Definition
| Chains coil creating pleated sheets or helix |
|
|
Term
| Tertiary Structure of Proteins |
|
Definition
| When helix folds to create 3 dimensional structure |
|
|
Term
| Quaternary Structure of Proteins |
|
Definition
| When 2 or more polypeptide chains join to form a larger protein |
|
|
Term
| What does the Primary structure of Proteins determine? |
|
Definition
| The function of the protein |
|
|
Term
| What is an example of a Quaternary structure? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Protein + Nonprotein group |
|
|
Term
Conjugated Protein:
Lipid + Protein =
Heme + Globin = |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
True or False:
Proteins are constantly synthesized and degraded |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Metabolism/Catabolism of Proteins is often associated with which organs? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Intake/Synthesis - Degradation/excretion |
|
|
Term
| Disintegration of proteins occurs where? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Proteins break down to amino acids which can then be ___, ____, or _______ (____ ___ ) |
|
Definition
Recycled
Re-used
Re-purposed (Kreb's Cycle) |
|
|
Term
| The products of Amino Acids being broken down are? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Liver converts ammonia into ______ which is excreted into urine |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
All of the following are considered what?
Hormone receptors
pH buffers
Water balance
Osmotic pressure
Transporters of small molecules
Energy and nutritional source for tissues (12-20%)
Structural role (collagen)
Enzyme catalysts
Protective role (immunoglobulins)
Clotting factors
Muscle contractions |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What will cause decreased protein levels? |
|
Definition
Burns, wounds, blood loss
Malnutrition or starvation
Liver disease
Renal disease
Malabsorption/GI Disease |
|
|
Term
| What will cause increased protein levels? |
|
Definition
Dehydration
Chronic inflammation or infection
Hemolysis (false +) |
|
|
Term
| What 2 diseases are associated with increased protein levels? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| When the structure is disturbed, the protein's function is lost |
|
|
Term
| What causes Denaturation? |
|
Definition
Heat
Repeated freeze-thaw cycles
pH extremes
UV light
Chemicals, detergents |
|
|
Term
| What can cause a falsely elevated protein level? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where are most proteins synthesized? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where are the immunoglobulins synthesized? |
|
Definition
|
|
