Term
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Definition
| a procedure by which clinicians, using psychological tests, observation, and interviews, develop a summary of the client’s symptoms and problems. |
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Term
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Definition
| the process through which a clinician arrives at a general “summary classification” of the patient’s symptoms by following a clearly defined system such as DSM-5 or ICD-10 (International Classification of Diseases), the latter published by the World Health Organization (WHO) |
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Definition
| major symptoms and behavior the client is experiencing |
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| issues involved in multicultural assessment |
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Definition
| a term describing the degree to which an assessment measure produces the same result each time it is used to evaluate the same thing. |
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Definition
the extent to which a measuring instrument actually measures what it is supposed to measure.
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Definition
| a process by which a psychological test is administered, scored, and interpreted in a consistent or “standard” manner. |
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Definition
| comparing a particular individual’s test score on a distribution of test scores from a large normative population enables the user to evaluate whether the individual’s score is low, average, or high along the distribution of scores |
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Term
| electroencephalogram (EEG) |
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Definition
| a graphical record of the brain’s electrical activity |
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Definition
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| computerized axial tomography (CAT) scan |
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Definition
| The procedure involves the use of computer analysis applied to X-ray beams across sections of a patient’s brain to produce images that a neurologist can then interpret |
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Term
| magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) |
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Definition
| involves the precise measurement of variations in magnetic fields that are caused by the varying amounts of water content of various organs and parts of organs. |
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Term
| positron emission tomography (PET) scan |
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Definition
| provides metabolic portraits by tracking natural compounds, such as glucose, as they are metabolized by the brain or other organs |
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Definition
| a technique for measuring and mapping brain activity that is noninvasive and safe |
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Definition
| a disorder in which there is a loss of ability to communicate verbally |
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Term
| neuropsychological assessment |
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Definition
| the use of various testing devices to measure a person’s cognitive, perceptual, and motor performance as clues to the extent and location of brain damage |
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Definition
| Measures a subject’s ability to learn and remember material and can provide clues as to his or her judgment and impulsivity |
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Definition
| Measures a subject’s motor speed, response to the unfamiliar, and ability to learn and use tactile and kinesthetic cues. |
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Term
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Definition
| Measures attention and sustained concentration through an auditory perception task. |
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Term
| Speech sounds perception test |
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Definition
| Determines whether an individual can identify spoken words. |
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Term
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Definition
| Measures the speed at which an individual can depress a lever with the index finger. |
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Term
| structured assessment interview |
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Definition
| follow a predetermined set of questions throughout the interview, for example, “Have you ever had periods in which you could not sleep lately?” and “Have you experienced feeling very nervous about being in public?” |
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Term
| unstructured assessment interview |
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Definition
| typically subjective and do not follow a predetermined set of questions. |
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Term
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Definition
| a set of categories designed to elicit information about a quantitative or a qualitative attribute |
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Definition
| the acting out of the part of a particular person or character, for example as a technique in training or psychotherapy. |
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Definition
| self-observation and objective reporting of behavior, thoughts, and feelings as they occur in various natural settings |
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Term
| Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS) |
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Definition
| provides a structured and quantifiable format for rating clinical symptoms such as overconcern with physical symptoms, anxiety, emotional withdrawal, guilt feelings, hostility, suspiciousness, and unusual thought patterns. |
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Definition
| a test designed to measure the ability to think and reason rather than acquired knowledge. |
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Definition
| designed to measure personal characteristics other than intellectual ability |
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Term
| Projective personality tests |
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Definition
| unstructured in that they rely on various ambiguous stimuli such as inkblots or vague pictures rather than on explicit verbal questions, and in that the person’s responses are not limited to the “true,” “false,” or “cannot say” variety |
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Term
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Definition
| uses 10 inkblot pictures, to which a subject responds in succession after being instructed as follows |
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Term
| Thematic Apperception Test (TAT) |
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Definition
| uses a series of simple pictures, some highly representational and others quite abstract, about which a subject is instructed to make up stories. |
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Term
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Definition
| tests consist of the beginnings of sentences that an adult might be asked to complete |
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Term
| Objective Personality tests |
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Definition
| typically use questionnaires, self-report inventories, or rating scales in which questions or items are carefully phrased and alternative responses are specified as choices. |
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Term
| Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) |
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Definition
| a psychological test that assesses personality traits and psychopathology. It is primarily intended to test people who are suspected of having mental health or other clinical issues. |
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Definition
| scientific tests or techniques used in connection with the detection of crime |
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Term
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Definition
In such systems, descriptions of the actual behavior or other established characteristics of many subjects with particular patterns of test scores have been stored in the computer. Whenever a person has one of these test score patterns, the appropriate description is printed out in the computer’s evaluation. Such descriptions have been written and stored for a number of different test score patterns, most of them based on MMPI-2 scores.
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Term
| Ethical Issues in Assessment |
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Definition
1. Potential cultural bias of the instrument or the clinician
2. Theoretical orientation of the clinician
3. Underemphasis on the external situation
4. Insufficient validation
5. Inaccurate data or premature evaluation
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Term
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Definition
assumes (1) that all human behavior can be divided into the categories of “healthy” and “disordered,” and (2) that within the latter there exist discrete, nonoverlapping classes or types of disorder that have a high degree of within-class homogeneity in both symptoms displayed and the underlying organization of the disorder identified.
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Term
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Definition
| it is assumed that a person’s typical behavior is the product of differing strengths or intensities of behavior along several definable dimensions such as mood, emotional stability, aggressiveness, gender identity, anxiousness, interpersonal trust, clarity of thinking and communication, social introversion, and so on. |
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Term
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Definition
| the process of classifying abnormal behavior on the assumption that there are combinations of characteristics (prototypes of behavior disorders) that tend to occur together regularly. |
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