Term
| ____ complaints are the leading cause of visits to healthcare providers. __ is #1, and ___ is #2 |
|
Definition
musculoskeletal
back pain, shoulder pain |
|
|
Term
Joint type?
___ - freely moveable, found in knee, shoulder, hip
___ - slightly movable, found in vertebral bodies of the spine
___ - immovable, skull sutures |
|
Definition
synovial
cartilaginous
fibrous |
|
|
Term
Synovial joint types:
___ - convex surface in concave cavity. Flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, rotation, circumduction. shoulder, hip.
___ - flat, planar. motion in one plane, flexion, extension. PIP joints of the hand and foot, elbow.
___ - convex or concave, movement of two articulating surfaces not dissociable. knee, tmj. |
|
Definition
spheroidal (ball and socket)
hinge
condylar |
|
|
Term
| ___ joints allow some side to side (velgus and varus) motion |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ____ are the joints between the pubic symphysis and vertebrae. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ___ are roughly disc-shaped synovial sacs that allow adjacent muscles & tendons to glide over each other during movement. two most significant? |
|
Definition
bursae
prepatellar, subacromial |
|
|
Term
Possible causes of pain...
1. on the spine (midline)
2. off the spine |
|
Definition
midline - herniation, dislocation, fracture
off - muscular |
|
|
Term
| Red flags for low back pain - do imaging before other tests |
|
Definition
>50 y/o
history of cancer
weight loss
pain > 1 month
pain not responding to treatment
pain at night
pain increased wtih rest
history of IV drug use
infection |
|
|
Term
| Causes of localized joint pain v. diffuse/systemic |
|
Definition
localized: osteoarthritis, sprain, dislocation
diffuse: RA, OA |
|
|
Term
Example of insidious onset joint pain?
Example of rapid onset joint pain? |
|
Definition
Insidious - arthritis
Rapid - gout |
|
|
Term
| Have pt rate joint pain with 4 questions... |
|
Definition
Right now?
At worst?
At best?
Day to day? |
|
|
Term
Joints potentially affected by RA and OA
Most commonly affected joint of gout? |
|
Definition
RA: PIP, MCP, MTP (feet), wrists, knees, elbows, ankles
OA: knees, hips, hands, (DIP, PIP), C and L spine, wrists, joints injured or diseased, weight-bearing joints
Gout: 1st MTP joint (base of big toe) |
|
|
Term
| Systemic symptoms associated with arthritis |
|
Definition
| flu-like : fever, chills, rash, weight loss, anorexia, weakness |
|
|
Term
| what genetic disorder is characterized by blue sclera and very brittle bones? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 1 out of __ women and 1 out of __ men will have a fx secondary to osteoporosis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Risk factors for osteoporosis |
|
Definition
low body weight (greatest predictor of low bone density)
>65 y/o
estrogen deficiency
white race
Family hx of osteoporosis
smoking
hx of vertebral fx |
|
|
Term
What kind of arthritis?
Acute involvement of one joint
Several joints (symmetrical) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
What is a condition (joint) in which this would be present:
subcutaneous nodule?
effusion?
muscle atrophy? |
|
Definition
RA or rheumatic fever
trauma/arthritis
carpal tunnel |
|
|
Term
| Examples of decreased ROM in a joint or increased ROM? |
|
Definition
decreased - arthritis, inflammation, fibrosis, bony fixation (ankylosis)
Increased (laxity) - Ligamentous injury/tear |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
AC, sternoclavicular, glenohumeral
glenohumeral is ball and socket |
|
|
Term
| What might cause problems in the glenohumeral joint? in the AC joint? |
|
Definition
GH - arthritis, high-riding humerus
AC - arthrtis with clavicular hypertrophy |
|
|
Term
| 6 scapulohumeral group muscules - what do they do? |
|
Definition
deltoid, lat, rotator cuff (supraspinatus, nfraspinatus, teres minor, subscapularis)
rotate shoulder laterally and depress and rotate humerus |
|
|
Term
| 5 axioscapular group muscles - what do they do? |
|
Definition
trap, rhomboid major, rhomboid minor, serratus ant, levator scapulae
pulls hsoulder back and rotates scapula |
|
|
Term
| 3 axiohumeral group muscles - what do they do? |
|
Definition
pec major, minor, lat
rotate shoulder internally |
|
|
Term
| biceps and triceps do what movment of shoulder? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Tenderness below tip of acromion, pain with abduction and rotation and loss of smooth movment, and pain with reaching over the head. suggests what? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ___ is also called hitchhiker's roattion (shoulder ROM) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
What test is done to test AC joint arthritis?
To test supraspinatus?
Subscapularis?
infraspinatus & teres minor? |
|
Definition
crossover
supra - push out against clinician with chicken wings OR empty can test
infra/teres - hold pt arm at 90 deg and resist clinicina outward with forearm
subscapularis - liftoff |
|
|
Term
| A postitive drop arm test indicates what? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
What elbow muscles are responsible for each action?
Flexion
Extension
pronation
supination |
|
Definition
flexion - biceps, brachialis, brachioradialis
extension - triceps/anconeus
pronation - pronator teres and quadratus
supination - supinator and biceps |
|
|
Term
Special test for lateral epicondylitis?
for medial epicondylitis?
For ulnar neuropathy? |
|
Definition
lateral - cozen's test - pain and lateral epicondyle with wrist extended
medial - pain immediately distal to medial epicondyle with resisted wrist flexion
Ulnar neuropathy (cubital tunnel) - palpation of ulnar nerve wtihin ulnar groove just posterior to medial epicondyle with elbow flexed |
|
|
Term
| The ___ nerve runs through the carpal tunnel and provides sensation to the plamar surface of thumb, second, third, and half of the fourth digit |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are some possible causes of decreased grip strength? |
|
Definition
| de quervain's tenosynovitis, arthritis, carpal tunnel, epicondylitis, cervical radiculopathy |
|
|
Term
| What musculoskeletal problem is characterized by trouble picking up a frying pan or a baby out of a crib? Tested by Finkelstein's test. |
|
Definition
| de quervain's tenosynovitis |
|
|
Term
What condition? Pain or numbneess of first three fingers and medial half of fourth finger esp at night or with repetitive movement
What test is most sensitive to test for it? |
|
Definition
carpal tunnel syndrome
weak abduction of thumb - most sensitive
also tinels or phalen's |
|
|
Term
Vertebrae:
Herniation usually occurs anteriorly/posteriorly
___ encolses the spinal cord
___ creates an opening for spinal nerve roots
___ is opening for vertebral artires |
|
Definition
posteriorly
vertebral foramen
intervertebral foramen
transverse foramen |
|
|
Term
| Superficial and deep muscles of the back |
|
Definition
superficial - trap, lat
deep: splenius capitis, splenius cervicis, sacrospoinalis |
|
|
Term
what might cause unequal shoulder heights?
unequal iliac crests? |
|
Definition
shoulder - scoliosis, sprengel's deformity of scapula, winging of scapula, contralateral weakness of trap
iliac - unequal leg lengths, scoliosis, hip abduction or adduction, herniated lumbar disc |
|
|
Term
| what population is at greatest risk for scoliosis? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
two kinds of scoliosis:
___ - flexible, apparent with standing and disappears with bending fwd, may be compensatory for unequal leg length
___ - fixed, rub humb, curvature on standing and bending, unequal shoulders and hips |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
rib hump
uneven shoulders/scapula
curvature of spine
uneven pelvic girdle |
|
|
Term
What condition?
1. characterized by birthmarks, port-wine stains, hairy patches and lipomas overlying bony defects
2. cafe-au-lait spots, skin tags, fibrous tumors |
|
Definition
spina bifada
neurofibromatosis |
|
|
Term
| What are "radicular" symptoms |
|
Definition
| numbness/tingling that radiates from a spot upon palpation |
|
|
Term
Raise a pt leg while they're sitting and extend their knee - if pt leans bkwd, indicates?
raise pt leg while pt supine until the knee bends or pt reports pain in butt or back, indicates? |
|
Definition
sciatic tension
lumbar herniation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
psoas
greater trochanter
ischial |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| swinging (non-weight bearing) and stance (weight bearing) |
|
|
Term
| Normal width of footsteps |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ___ sign - the "sexy walk" - positive with weak hip abductors |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Pt with trouble getting into/out of car and pain when laying on side? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Contents of inguinal space |
|
Definition
nerve
artery
vein
empty space
lymphatics
NAVEL |
|
|
Term
| positive ___ test - pull knee to chest and other knee flexes |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| pos ___ test - pt supine, place heel of one foot over knee of the other. stabilize pelvis with one and and press down on thigh with other. pain = pos |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ____ test - pt supine. roll leg into internal and ext rotation. pain in groin or anterior hip indicates acetabular fx or femoral head fx |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Leg extensor and flexor muscles |
|
Definition
extensor - quads
flexor - hamstrings |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
prepatellar
anserine
semimembranous |
|
|
Term
| The ___ is the cavity thtat covers the anterior, medial, and lateral surfaces of the knee |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
varus stance is normal in ___
valgus is normal in ___ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 3 ways to assess swelling in knee |
|
Definition
bulge sign - milk fluid downward and apply medial pressure and tap laterally
balloon sign - thumb and first finger on either condyle. compress inferiorly. check for fluid superiorly
balotte - compress suprapatellar pounch and push patella sharply against femur - watch for fluid returning to pouch |
|
|
Term
| Normal degrees of flexion and extension of knee |
|
Definition
flexion - 135-145
extension - 0 |
|
|
Term
Valgus stress tests the ___ ligament
varus stress tests the ___ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Plantar flexor muscles
Dorsiflexor msucles |
|
Definition
plantar - gastroc, posterior tib, toe flexors
dorsi - anterior tib, toe extensors |
|
|
Term
| ___ test assesses achilles tendon integrity |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
The ___ ligament protects against eversion
The ___ ligament is the highest risk of injury from inversion |
|
Definition
deltoid
anterior talofibular |
|
|
Term
| Slight ___ alignment of heels is normal |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ___ happen where a person places the majority of stress on their foot when they walk |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Hot, red, tender, swollen first MCP joint - think ___ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The lateral squeeze test of the foot tests for? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Which lobe of the brain is responsible for these?
voluntary movement
motor integration
expressive language
social functioning
inhibition of impulse
emotions
lack of initiative
short term memory |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Which lobe of the brain is responsible for these?
sensation
fine discrimination
pain and touch
comprehension of speech and reading
production of writing and calculation
awareness of spatial relationships, size, and height |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| which lobe of the brain is responsible for visual perception? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which part of the brain is responsible for coordination & balance? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Which part of the brain is responsible for these?
hearing
smell
long term memory
receptive language
musical awareness |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Which part of the brain is responsible for these?
chewing
appetite
swallowing
hearing and balance
wakefulness
motor speech
upper intestine peristalsis
regulation of pulse, resp, BP
vision
eye and eyelid muscles
smell
fascial and neck muscles
facial sensation
tastse |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 5 parts of the neurologic exam |
|
Definition
mental status
cranial nerve
motor
sensory
reflexes |
|
|
Term
What does obtunded mean?
What are circumlocutions?
What are paraphasias? |
|
Definition
Obtunded: the lights are on but no body's home
Circumlocutions: substituting phrases when you can't find the right word... instead of saying "pen", saying "the thing you write with"
Paraphasias: malformed words - "I write with a den" |
|
|
Term
| What are some ways to assess pt attention? |
|
Definition
| digit span, serial 7s, spelling bkwd |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
orientaiton
attention
remote memory
recent memory
new learning ability |
|
|
Term
| Higher cognitive fxns to check |
|
Definition
information and vocabulary
calculating ability
abstract thinking
constructional ability |
|
|
Term
| Tests to test frontal lobe |
|
Definition
working memory
judgement
fund of knowledge
task organization
set generation |
|
|
Term
____ area is in the temporal lobe and is the receptive speech area
___ area is in the frontal lobe and is the expressive speech area |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What lobe is responsible for perception and interpretaiton of sensory info, visual-spatial fxn, and praxis (execution of motor acts) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are three parietal lobe fxn tests? |
|
Definition
Agnosia - inability to identify objects by tactile exploration
Apraxia - inability to perform purposeful motor acts on command
Constructional apraxia - inability to draw objects which require use of visual spatial organization |
|
|
Term
_____ - decreased level of consciousness
___ - lack of orientation to person, place, time. lobe?
___ - memory loss. lobe?
___ - speech problems. Lobes?
___ inappropriate emotions. lobes?
___ - inability to recognize objects. lobe?
___ - inability to follow orders. Lobe? |
|
Definition
coma
disorientatino - temoral
amnesia - temporal
aphasia - frontal, temporoparietal
inappropriate affect - bilateral cerebral
apraxia - frontal |
|
|
Term
| The ___ lobe is responsible for perception of visual informaiton |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Occipital lobe function tests |
|
Definition
visual fields
naming objects
naming colors
recognition of faces |
|
|
Term
| What is the first thing you should look for in mental status assessment? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
____:
Acute global change
increased in hospitalized
physiologic derangement
usually reversible
___:
global cortical dysfunction
slow & progressive
uncommon <50
increased markedly with age
usually not associated with illness |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Brainstem:
___ is CN 3&4
___ is CN 5-8
___ is CN 9-12 |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Lesion in which CN?
1. loss of consensual light reflex
2. loss of direct light reflex |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| EOM test which cranial nerves? |
|
Definition
SO4 - superior oblique CN 4
LR 6 - lateral rectus CN 6
ATR 3 |
|
|
Term
| ____ - pupils that accomodate but do not react to light reflex |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
What condition
Miosis, ptosis, and anhydrosis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
What condition?
Large, regular pupils
Light reflex absent or slow
Constriction to near is slow & tonic |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 3 branches of the trigeminal nerve |
|
Definition
opthalmic
maxillary
mandibular |
|
|
Term
Which CN is affected?
dysphagia and gagging |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Assessing the trap and SCM is assessing which CN? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Thenar atrophy implies what disorder? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ____ is visible, irregular flickerings over the surface of the affected muscle |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Most common kind of tremor |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
benign essential
postural
intention
rest |
|
|
Term
____ - rapid shock-like muscle contractions
caused by? |
|
Definition
myoclonus
uremia
cereral hypoxia
hyperosmolar nonketotic states |
|
|
Term
| ____ - flapping tremor of the outstretched hands or feet |
|
Definition
asterixis
hepatic, renal, & pulmonary encephalopathy
Drug intoxication |
|
|
Term
___ - abnormal movements that are slow, sinuous, and writihing in character
___ - sustained ^^^ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
___ - presence of abnormal, involuntary movements due to problem in the basal ganglia
3 kinds:
1. irregular, spasmodic, involuntary moevements of limbs or facial muscles
2. autosomal dominants disorder
3. type of involuntary movement affecting proximal limbs. jerking, flinging, movement of extremities |
|
Definition
duskinesia -
chorea
huntington's
ballismus |
|
|
Term
| Sudden, recurrent, quick, coordinated, abnormal movments tat can be imitated without difficulty |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
____ - resistance to passive movment of a relaxed limb
Decreased of this usually seen in ___ disorders |
|
Definition
tone
lower motor neuron or peripheral nerve disorders |
|
|
Term
| ___ is the complete absence of tone |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
___ - impaired muscle strength
___ - absence of muscle strength
___ - symmetrical weakness of proximal muscles
___ - symmetrical weakness of distal muscles |
|
Definition
paresis
paralysis
myopathy
polyneuorpahty |
|
|
Term
Which part of the brain is responsible for... ?
maintaining equilibrium
trajectory, velocity, acceleration
rapid and repetitive movements
sequential movements |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ___ - cerebellar dysfunction characterized by decomposition of movements, dysmetria (clumsiness, unsteadiness, inappropriate varying in speed, force, direction) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
station romberg
walking
tandem gait (heel to toe)
rapid alternating movements
toe to finger
heel to shin
speech |
|
|
Term
Station Romberg test: what would these outcomes indicate?
1. pt has difficulty standing with eyes open or closed
2. pt stands well with eyes open but is unsteady with eyes closed |
|
Definition
cerebellar ataxia
dorsal column disease |
|
|
Term
| Pronator drift tests for lesions in the ___. |
|
Definition
coritcospinal tract
if right hand drifts - lesion in left hemisphere |
|
|
Term
| ____ gait - inability to perform a familiar, purposeful movement in the absence of paralysis and other sensory motor impairment. problem in frontal lobe such as hydrocephalus or progressive dementing disorder |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ____ gait - wide-based with lateral veering, unsteadiness and irregularity of steps. tendency to fall to one side, forward, or backward. Suggests drunkenness or unilateral lesions |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ___ gait - wide-based & throw feet forward and outward and bring down first on heels then on toes with double tapping sound. Pos romberg sign. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
____ gait - drag feet or lift them too high with knees flexed and bring them down wiht a slap
___ gait - stiff with each leg advanced slowly. thighs tend to cross at each step. Appears to be walkign through water. |
|
Definition
steppage gait
scissors gait |
|
|
Term
| ___ gait - one arm held immobile and flexed close to the side. leg extended and plantar flexion of foot. drags for circumduction. seen in stroke pts. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ____ is the primary symptom of cerebellar disease |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 5 primary sensory modalities |
|
Definition
light touch
pain
temperature
vibration
joint position |
|
|
Term
Dorsal column tract:
important for ___ and ____. sensory impulses cross over in ___. |
|
Definition
proprioception and vibration
medulla |
|
|
Term
spinothalamic tract:
important for ___ & ____.
Sensory impulses cross over at the ___. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ____ (neuro test) is represented in both the spinothalamic and dorsal column tests but is not specific screening for either system |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 3 dorsal column fxn tests |
|
Definition
vibratory sensation
position sense
discriminative sensation |
|
|
Term
| On exam, the sensory level helps you determine where spinal cord disease is, although the sensory deficit will be about 1-2 spinal cord segments above/below the actual lesion |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Sensory deficit from a ___ will have a dermatomal distribution
Sensory deficit from a ___ will have a stocking and glove distribution bc the longest axons are the most affected |
|
Definition
spinal nerve lesion
polyneuropathy |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
0 - no contraction
1+ - decreased, but present
2+ - normal
3+ - supernormal
4+ - clonus |
|
|
Term
| Reflexes: which nerve is being tested on each? |
|
Definition
Triceps - radial
Biceps - musculocutaneus
brachioradialis - radial
patellar - femoral
achille's - sciatic |
|
|
Term
| hyperreflexivity suggests what disease? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Babinksi reflex assesses Upper or lower motor neurons? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| abnormal babinski in adults |
|
Definition
| great toe dorsiflexes and toes fan out |
|
|
Term
| Both ___ & ___ signs will be positive in subarachnoid hemorrhage |
|
Definition
| brudzinski's and kernig's |
|
|
Term
What kind of posturing?
elbows, wrists, fingers flexed
Legs extended and internally rotated
Destructive lesion of corticospinal tracts within or near cerebral hemispheres |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
What kind of posturing?
arms adducted and stiffly extended at elbows
forearms pronated, wrists & fingers flexed
lesion in diencephalon, midbrain, ponts
hypoxia or hypoglycemia |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Shoulder is the most common site of joint pain. Most common disorders? |
|
Definition
| subacromial impingement and rotator cuff tears |
|
|
Term
| Visceral pain referrals from thorax is mostly in what areas? |
|
Definition
| right shoulder, left shoulder, left arm |
|
|
Term
| ____ - disorder of initiating and maintaining sleep. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Most common causes of chronic insomnia (7) |
|
Definition
caffeine
alcohol
sleep apnea
medical disorders
nocturia
anxiety
depression |
|
|
Term
| Transient (short term) insomnia lasts less than ___ weeks |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Medical term for bed-wetting |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Insomnia in children most commonly caused by ___ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| People with ___ (Disorder) experience insomnia characterized by delayed sleep onset, frequent waking, and classic early-morning wakefullness |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
2 types of vertigo:
___ - illusion that one's surroundings are moving
___ - feeling that , with eyes closed, one's body is moving/turning in space
2 other classificiations:
___ : caused by brain stem or cerebellar lesions
___ : caused by problem of inner ear or vestibular nerve |
|
Definition
objective
subjective
central
peripheral |
|
|
Term
| ___ is the hallucination of movement |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ____ - sensation of being about to faint (near syncope) |
|
Definition
| lightheadedness/dizziness |
|
|
Term
| ___ is the most common cause of falls in elderly |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In general, ____ cuases of foot pain occur at rest, whereas ___ cuases occur with ambulation and decrease with rest |
|
Definition
systemic (gout, RA, diabetes)
biomechanical (sprains, spurs, breaks) |
|
|
Term
| Bacheache is most common in what age group? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Does radiation of pain from backache always mean nerve compression? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 90% of disc herniations happen where? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
____ - episodic memory impairment w/o dementia. seen in older pts
___ - more severe, extensive congnitive impairments
___ - gradual loss of memory in otherwise healthy elderly individuals |
|
Definition
AAMI - age-associated memory impairment
AACD - age-associated cognitive decline
BSF - benign senescent forgetfulness |
|
|
Term
| Most common precipitating cause of forgetfulness |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
cerebrum
diencephalon
brainstem
cerebellum |
|
|
Term
What do the basal ganglia regulate?
What does the hypothalamus regulate? |
|
Definition
basal ganglia - movement
hypothalamus - homeostasis, temp, HR, BP, emotions, sex drive |
|
|
Term
| What is the reticular activating system? |
|
Definition
| in the brainstem and diencephalon - regulates consciousness |
|
|
Term
| What spinal cord level is cauda equina? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ___- involuntary, stereotypical response that may involve as few as two neurons across a single synapse |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Reflexes.. what spinal segments are responsible for each?
Ankle
Knee
Supinator
Biceps
Triceps
Upper abdominal
Lower abdominal
Plantar |
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Definition
Triceps: C6-7
Biceps & brachioradialis (supinator): C5-6
upper abdominal: T8-10
Lower abdominal: T10-12
knee: L2-4
Ankle: s1
Plantar: L5-S1 |
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Term
| When upper motor neuron systems are damaged above the crossover of its tracts in the medulla, motor impairment develops on the ___ side. In damage below the crossover, motor impairment occurs on the ___ side. |
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Definition
contralateral
ipsilateral |
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Term
| ___ - slowness, lack of spontaneous automatic movements. |
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Definition
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Term
| Lesion in the sensory cortex of the brain - symptoms? |
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Definition
| pt unable to discriminate size, shape, or texture of an object but would be able to discriminate hot, cold, pain, position |
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Term
Dermatomes:
Front & back of neck
Nipples
thumb
ring and little fingers
umbilicus
inguinal
knee
anterior foot/ankle and sole of foot |
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Definition
C3 - neck
T4 - nipples
C6 - thumb
C8 - ring and little fingers
T10 - umbilicus
L1 - inguinal
L4 - knee
L4&5 - anterior foot/ankle/sole |
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Term
| 2 most common symptoms in neurologic disorders |
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Definition
|
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Term
| paroxysmal disorder caused by sudden excessive electrical discharge in the cerebral cortex |
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Definition
|
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Term
| ___ is the 3rd leading cause of death in US |
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Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
HTN
diet
dyslipidemia
heavy alcohol use
physical inactivity
obesity
diabetes |
|
|
Term
4 muscles of quads
4 muscles of hamstrings |
|
Definition
quads - rectus femoris
vastus lateralis
vastus medialis
vastus intermedius
hamstrings:
semitendinosus
semimembranosus
gracilis
sartorius |
|
|
Term
What's the most likely diagnosis?
1. sciatic pain. caused by lifting.
2. inability to perform movement. occurs when tendon is stressed.
3. boggy, doughy feeling swelling
4. not necessarily visible swelling. pain with repetitive overhead activities.
5. |
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Definition
1. disk herniation
2. tendon rupture
3. synovitis
4. subacromial bursitis |
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