Term
| Describe the normal anatomy & physiology of the regions examined as part of the Head exam (3) |
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Definition
1. Parotid gland - superficial and behind the mandible
2. Submandibular gland - deep to the mandible, under the tongue
3. superficial temporal artery - passes upward and in front of the ear, readily palpable
Remember: Regions of the head take their name from underlying bones of the skull |
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Term
Anatomy of the eye
1. opening between eyelids
2. Clear, mucus membrane with 2 easily visible components: ___ & ___
3. firm strips of connective tissue within the eyelid
4. muscle that raises the upper eyelid.
5. pink gland that lies in the body orbit, lateral to the eyeball. produces tears
6. 2 other glands that produce tears?
7. two tiny holes that tears drain into? then through the ____ sac into the nose and through the ___ ducts.
8. muscles of the iris control ____ size.
9. muscles of the ____ control thickness of the lens, allowing the eye to focus on near objects.
10. ____ is the substance inside the anterior and posterior chambers of the anterior cavity of the eyes. It drains between chambers through what canal? Purpose: to control ___ inside the eye.
11. structures of the fundus: (4) + optic nerves are found at the ____. Small depression in the retina surface that marks the point of central vision = _____.
12. transparent mass of gelatin behind the lens. maintains shape of eye. |
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Definition
1. Palpebral fissure
2. conjunctiva:
a. bulbar - covers most of anterior eyeball, meets cornea at the limbus
b. palpebral - lines the eyelids
3. tarsal plates
4. levator palpebrae
5. lacrimal gland
6. meiobian and conjunctival
7. lacrimal puncta, lacrimal sac, nasolacrimal ducts
8. pupillary
9. cilliary body
10. aqueous humor, drains through canal of schlemm, controls pressure
11. retina, choroid, fovea, retinal vessels + optic disc and macula (blanks)
12. Vitreous humor |
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Term
| The ___ is the entire area seen by the eye when it looks at a central point. It extends furthest on the ___ side and is limited medially by the __, __, and ___. Lack of retinal receptors at the optic disc produces an oval blind spot for each eye that is __ degrees temporal to the line of gaze. Visual fields of both eyes overlap in an area of ___ vision, laterally, vision is ____. |
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Definition
Visual field
temporal
medial limitations: nose, cheeks, brows
15 degrees
binocular, monocular |
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Term
| Visual pathways: light reflected from an image must pass through the ___ and be focused on the sensory neuorns in the ____, then through the __, then through the ___ on each side, and then through a curving tract called the ____, the pathway ends in the ___ of the occipital lobe. The image projected is ___ & ___. Image from the upper nasal field strikes the ___ quandrant of the retina. |
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Definition
pathway: pupil, retina, optic nerve, optic tract, through optic radiation, visual cortex
image is upside down and reversed right to left
image from the upper nasal field strikes the lower temporal quadrant of the retina |
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Term
| Describe the pupillary reactions: direct, consensual, near |
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Definition
Direct - light shone in eye contricts that pupil
Consensual - light shone in the one eye causes opposite eye to contract
NEar - pupils constrict when gaze focuses on an object nearing the nose and eyes accommodate (increased convexity of lens due to ciliary muscle contraction) |
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Term
Autonomic nerve supply to eyes:
1. CNIII fibers and production of pupillary constriction are part of the ____ nervous system |
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Definition
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Term
Parts of the external ear: (A) & (B)
A: cartilage covered by skin with a firm elastic consistency
1. prominent outer ridge?
2. Inner ridge parallel and anterior to (1.)
3. Inferior projection of ear lobe?
4. nodule eminence that points backward over entrance to ear canal
B: inward curving, 24mm long, surrounded by cartilage
1. contains glands that produce ___.
2. inner portion surrounded by bone and lined by thin hairless skin (no answer)
3. Lowest part of the mastoid part of temporal bone, behind/below ear canal (felt just behind the ear lobe)? |
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Definition
A: auricle
1. helix
2. antihelix
3. lobule
4. tragus
B: ear canal
1. cerumen
2. no answer
3. mastoid process |
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Term
____ - air-filled cavity that transmits sound via tiny bones called ossicles
___ - connects middle ear to nasopharynx
___ - separates middle and external ear:
1. held inward by the ___ (one of the ossicles), which has a short process and a handle
2. the ___ is where the eardrum meets the malleus, and where you can see the _____.
3. "floppy" part of the ear drum above the short process of the malleus?
4. The rest of the eardrum is the ____. |
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Definition
middle ear
eustachian tube
tempanic membrane (ear drum)
1. malleus
2. umbo, cone of light
3. pars flaccida
4. pars tensa |
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Term
Hearing pathway:
Phase 1: Known as the ____ phase, vibration is passed through the air of the external ear and transmitted through the ___ and ___ of the middle ear to the ___ (inner ear).
Disorder here will cause ___ hearing loss.
This pathway utilizes ___ conduction.
Phase 2: Known as the ____ phase, the cochlea senses the vibraion and sends nerve impulses to the brain through the ___ nerve (CN VIII)
Disorder here causes ___ hearing loss.
the ___ within the inner ear senses position and movement to maintain balance/equilibrium |
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Definition
Conductive
through the tempanic membrane and ossicles ot the cochlea
disorder = conductive hearing loss
air conduction
Sensorineural
cochlear
sensorineural hearing loss
labyrinth |
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Term
upper 1/3 of nose is supported by ____, lower 2/3 by ___.
Nasal air flow: enters nose thorugh the ___ on each side, then passes through a widened area called the ___ (only part of nose covered by hair-bearing skin instead of mucosa), then through the ____.
medial wall: formed by ___, which is made by bone and cartilage, is covered by mucosa which is highly vascular
lateral wall: contains ____, which are covered by highly vascualr mucus membrane and protrude into the nasal cavity. What is the purpose of these? below each one is a groove called a ____, that is named for the turbinate which it is below (superior, middle, infereior).
The ___ duct drains into the inferior one, the ___ sinuses drain into the middle one.
The ___ are air-filled cavities within the bones of the skull. Only the ___ and ___ are accessible for clinical examination. |
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Definition
bone, cartilage
aterior naris (nostrils), vestibule, narrow nasopharynx
medial wall: nasal septum
lateral wall: turbinates (clean, humidify, and control temp of inspired air). meatus. nasolacrimal duct, paranasal sinuses
paranasal sinuses - frontal and maxillary |
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Term
NECK:
2 triangles bound by the sternomastoid:
Anterior: Name the borders
Posterior: Name the borders
3 great vessels of the neck?
5 midline structures of neck:
Parts of thyroid:
1. the __ lies across the trachea and below the cricoid
2. ___ curve posteriorly and around sides of trachea |
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Definition
Anterior: mandible above, sternomastoid laterally, midline of neck medially
Posterior: sternomastoid anteriorly, trap posteiorly, clavicle inferiorly
Great vessels: carotid artery and internal jugular vein (deep to scm), external jugular passes diagonally over scm
Midline structures: hyoid bone, thyroid cartilage, cricoid cartilage, tracheal rings, thyroid gland
thyroid:
isthmus, lateral lobes
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Term
Lymph Nodes:
1. in front of ear
2. behind ear
3. below chin
4. below mandible, lateral to chin
5. where mandible meets scm
6. anterior to scm
7. posterior to scm
8. deep to scm
9. just above clavicle |
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Definition
1. preauricular
2. posterior auricular
3. submental
4. submandibular
5. tonsillar
6. anterior cervical
7. posterior cervical
8. deep cervical
9. supraclavicular |
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Term
|
Definition
headache/facial pain
head injury hx?
dizziness
lightheadedness
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Term
|
Definition
vision
glasses/CL
last exam
pain
redness
excessive tearing
dryness
diplopia
blurred vision
flashes/floaters
glaucoma, cataract, macular degeneration hx
color blindness |
|
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Term
|
Definition
hearing loss
hx of infection
trauma
vertigo
discharge
pain/earache
tinnitus
itching
fullness |
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Term
|
Definition
frequent URIs
sinus infections
allergies
congestion
nosebleed
snoring
speech changes |
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Term
|
Definition
last dental exam
dental caries
sore motuh (stomatitis)
sore tongue (Glossitis)
bleeding gums
denturs
ulcers
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Term
|
Definition
soreness
hoarseness
voice changes
dysphagia
choking |
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Term
|
Definition
HX of thyroid disease
goiter/mass
adenopathy (lumps/bumps0
pain
limited ROM
stiffness
tenderness |
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Term
EYE PE:
When testing visual fields, begin with your fingers in the ___ field. What should you do if you notice a defect?
Observe eyeslids, sclera, and conjunctiva for:
1. jaundice of sclera = ____.
2. conjunctival inflammation
3. benign growth of conjunctiva = ____ (surfer's eye)
4. conjunctival degeneration = ____
5. sharply demarcated yellowish collection of cholesterol under skin of eyelid or around eye = ____
6. iris lesions
7. papillary inequality
8. "shaking" of eyes on horizontal movement = ____
9. improper alignment of eyes in relation to one another = ____.
What 3 things should you watch for when testing EOM with the H pattern?
What 7 abnormalities should you look for during fundoscopy? |
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Definition
fields: temporal
1. icterus
3. pterygium
4. pingueculae
5. xanthelasmas
8. nystagmus
9. strabismus
EOM: paralysis, disconjugate gaze, lid lag
Fundoscopy: opacities in ocular media, disc cupping, vessel narrowing, AV nicking, papilledema, retinal exudates or hemorrhages, macular changes |
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Term
1. Homonymous hemianopia
2. macular sparing
3. hemianopia |
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Definition
1. visual field loss on the same side of both eyes - ex: right field loss OU
2. visual field loss wihtout involving the macula
3. visual field loss that respects the vertical midline
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Term
1: drooping of upper eyelid. causes: myasthenia gravis, damage to CNIII, damage to sympathetic nerve supply (horner's syndrome)
2. margin of lower lid is turned outward, exposing palpebral conjunctiva, causes lid to not drain well and tearing occurs. most common in elderly
3. inward turning of lid margin, lower lashes then irritate conjunctiva and lower cornea
4. harmless, yellow triangular nodule in bulbar conjunctiva on either side of iris, appears with aging.
5. painful, red infection of sebaceous glands at margin of eyelid
6. subacute, non-tender, painless nodule invovling a meibomian gland, usually points inside the lid
7. slightly raised, yellowish, well circumscribed plaque of cholesterol appearing along eyelids, may accompany lip disorders |
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Definition
1. ptosis
2. ectopion
3. entropion
4. pinguecula
5. stye
6. chalazion
7. xanthelasma
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Term
4 common causes of corneal opacities:
1. thin gray/white arc or circle close to edge of cornea. accompanied by aging by also in younger blacks (suggests hyperlipoproteinemia)
2. superficial gray/white opacity, secondary to old injury or inflammation
3. triangular thickening of bulbar conjunctiva that grows slowly
4. can be nuclear or peripheral, thickening of cornea |
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Definition
corneal arcus
corneal scar
pterygium
cataract |
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Term
|
Definition
Weber - for lateralization
Put tuning fork on top of pt's head
Unilateral conductive loss - sound is heard in IMPAIRED ear.
Rinne test - if BC>AC, sensorineural hearing loss |
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Term
| What are some causes of conductive hearing loss? |
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Definition
| acute otitis media, perforation, obstruction (wax) |
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Term
| Local tenderness of sinuses with fever and discharge may suggest what problem? |
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Definition
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Term
Name the cranial nerves and how you would test them
CNI, II, III, V, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII |
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Definition
I - olfactory - have pt test one nostril at a time usuing strong-smelling substances (Anosmia or intact)
II - Optic nerve - lesions would impair vision or part of the field or direct light reflex
III - oculomotor nerve - lesions would impair movement of upper lid or consensual light reflex or
IV - trochlear - controls superior oblique eye muscle
V - trigeminal - major sensory nerve of face: Opthlamic sensory (V1), Maxillary sensory and autonomic (V2), Mandibular motor, sensory, proprioceptive, parasympathetic (V3)
VI - abducens - controls lateral rectus eye muscle
VII - facial - ask pt to smile, raise eyebrows, wrinkle forehead. note asymmetry.
VIII - vestibularcochlear
IX - glossopharyngeal - touch posterior pharynx and watch for gag reflex
X - Vagus - ask pt to say ah and watch for failure of one side of soft palate to rise or for uvular asymmetry
XI - accessory - have pt turn head to side and resist your hand - weakness on one side or bilaterally suggests lesion
XII - hypoglossal - ask pt to stick out tongue - watch for deviation or atrophy
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Term
What is the most active joint in the body?
What CN innervates it? |
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Definition
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Term
| Muscles of active breathing and quiet breathing |
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Definition
Active: intercostals, rectus abdominus, external oblique, internal oblique, transverse abdominus
Quiet - from passive recoil of lungs |
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Term
| ROS questions for pulmonary |
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Definition
change in postion help or hurt?
is cough productive?
can pain be reproduced?
how long to resolve?
associated symptoms
anyone else have similar symptoms?
History/family history of pulmonary problems
onset: gradual or acute
duration
time of day, relation to weather/allergens
severity
efforts to treat
dyspnea
fever
wheezing
sputum
hemoptysis
TB
night sweats
pneumonia
bronchitis
asthma
last CXR?
smoking
oxygen use? |
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Term
|
Definition
Inspect
Palpitate: thoracic expansion, tactile fremitus (99), percuss chest, auscultate breath sounds |
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Term
| Causes of increased and decreased fremitus |
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Definition
increased: consolidation
decreased: pleural effusion, pneumothorax, asthma |
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Term
| Causes of abnomral chest expansion |
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Definition
pulmonary fibrosis
pleural effusion
lobar pneumonia
pleural pain
unilateral bronchial obstruction |
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Term
Describe what could be wrong if you hear each of these lung sounds:
flat (soft intensity, high pitch)
Dull (medium intensity, as in liver)
Resonant (loud intensity, low pitch)
Tympanic/hyperresonate (loud intensity, high pitch)
Resonant --> dullness
Resonant --> hyperresonant |
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Definition
flat - suggest pleural effusion
dull - lobar pneumonia
resonant - normal or chronic bronchitis
tempanic - gastric bubble, large pneumothorax
resonant--> dull - consolidation, atelectasis, pleural effusion, neoplasm
Resonant-->hyperresonant - pneumothorax, emphysema |
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Term
Discuss possible pathologies for each sound:
crackles, wheezes, ronchi, stridor, pleural rub |
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Definition
crackles/rales - air bubbles in secretions - pneumonia, CHF, pulmonary fibrosis
wheezes - air flows through narrowed airways- asthma, COPD, anaphylaxis, FB, inflammation
Ronchi - snoring quality - suggest secretions in larger airways - chronic bronchitis
Stridor - insipriatory wheeze - partial obstruction of larynx or trachea
Pleural rub - rub from pleuritis |
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Term
| What are some causes of pleural effusion? |
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Definition
tumor that is changing in protein levels in lungs causing fluid to accumulate; CHF; cancer.
Effusion can be blood or pus but is always fluid.
Settles at the bottom of the affected lobe. shouldn't move between lobes |
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Term
What pulmonary problem?
air enters pleural cavity and negative pressure is diminished with inspiration collapsing ipsilateral lung. puts pressure on contralateral lung due to mediastinal shift. reduced venous return due to vena caval distortion |
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Definition
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Term
What pulmonary problem?
slowly progressive disorder in which the distal air spaces enlarge and become hyperinflated. often associated wtih chronic bronchitis.
Percussion: diffusely hyperresonant
Breath sounds: decreased or absent
Tactile fremitus: decreased
Adventitious sounds: none |
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Definition
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Term
What pulmonary problem?
Abnormal thoracic expansion
Percussion: dull
Adventitious sounds: crackles |
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Definition
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Term
What pulmonary problem?
Lobar obstruction causes collapse of affected lung tissue into an airless state. Trachea may be shifted toward involved side.
Breath sounds: absent, except when it's the upper right lobe involved
Adventitious sounds: none
Tactile fremitus: absent, except when it's in the upper right lobe, then it is increased |
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Definition
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Term
What pulmonary problem?
Descent of diaphragm during inspriation
Decreased intrathoracic pressure
Injured segment moves inward
Mediastinum shifts to contralateral side
On exhalation, injured segment moves outward |
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Definition
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Term
| 6 tops causes of sore throat that aren't due to pharyngeal ulcers |
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Definition
1. viral pharyngitis - systemic symptoms
2. bacterial pharyngitis
3. tonsilitis
4. allergic pharyngitis - no fever, due to post nasal drip
5. pharyngitis secondary to sinusitis
6. mono |
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Term
These are the most common causes of what?
herpangia
herpes simplex
fusospirochetal infection
candidiasis
herpes zosteer
chickenpox |
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| rapid antigen detection test - strep test |
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Term
___ is most common in pts under 25, usually presents wtih fever over 100, chills, tender cervical adenopathy, exudate, and rapid onset during winter or early spring.
Presence of cough, conjunctivitis, hoarseness, coryza, anterior stomatitis, ulcerative oral lesions, viral exanthum, and diarrhea mitigate against this diagnosis. |
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Definition
| streptococcal pharyngitis |
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Term
| Low-grade fever, myalgia, conjunctivitis, coryza, malaise, or fatigue suggest a bacterial or viral? |
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Definition
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Term
| Pt presents with sore throat that becomes worse with swallowing and physical exam of oropharynx is negative. what should you suspect? |
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Definition
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Term
| infants and children with fever, URI, loss of appetite, difficulty swallowing and stridor probably have what? |
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Definition
| retropharyngeal abscess - MEDICAL EMERGENCY - order CT |
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Term
| What cranial nerves control the EOM? |
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Definition
LR6 - SO4 - ATR3
Lateral rectus (cnVI)
Superior oblique (CNIV)
All the rest (CNIII) |
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Term
| Lesion of the trigeminal nerve would produce what certain kind of pain? And what muscle movements could be affected? |
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Definition
lancinating paroxysmal pain
temporal and masseter muscles |
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Term
Most common visual complaint?
Other common complaints? (3)
Correct diagnosis requires knowing pt's age and whehter the problem is unilateral or bilateral, gradual or sudden onset, constant or intermittent
___ symptoms are ALWAYS more serious than ____ symptoms |
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Definition
blurred vision
diplopia, unilateral photopsia (flashes/floaters) = PVD, blurring associated with pain
visual symptoms >non-visual, even if non-visual are associated with pain |
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Term
| Common causes of visual problems in younger and older pts |
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Definition
younger: refractive errors (mainly), sometimes migraine
elderly: cataracts, glaucoma, PVD, macular degeneration, TIA, diabetic retinopathy (impaired night vision) |
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Term
Common refractive errors
1. near sightedness (most common in teenagers)
2. loss of accomodation (most common ~40 y/o
3. far sightedness (less common) |
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Definition
myopia
presbyopia
hyperopia |
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Term
___ is most common cause of blindness after age 55.
Symptoms include: sudden onset, painless, unilateral blurred vision, trouble reading |
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Definition
|
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Term
viral ___ is the most common cause of red eye. symptoms include conjunctiva hyperemia, tearing, watery discharge, starts in one eye but spreads to the other, common wtih URI
bacterial ___ symptoms include sudden onset in one eye and spreads to the other eye within 2 days. tearing, mucopurulent discharge (causing matting of the lids, most prominent when awakening)
allergic ___ is associated with sneezing, blepharitis, itching. most commonly seasonal, can be perennial |
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Definition
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Term
Probable eye diagnoses:
Elderly person who has difficulty driving at night because of the glare or difficulty in daytime due to sunlight... think ____.
Eldery + blurred vision + halos around lights + eye pain + HA (?) = ___
Red eye + pain = _____ or ____ (would also include photophobia) |
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Definition
cataract
glaucoma
iritis or corneal abrasion |
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Term
Causes of chest pain/discomfort:
Myocardium: ___ or ___
Pericardium: ____
Aorta: ____
trachea/primary bronchi: ____
parietal pleura: ____
Chest wall/musculoskeletal/skin: ___ or ____
esophagus: ____ |
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Definition
angina pectoris or MI
pericarditis
dissecting aortic aneurysm
bronchitis
pericarditis, pneumonia
costochondritis or herpes zoster
acid reflux
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Term
| What is Levine's sign and what does it suggest? |
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Definition
| clenched fist over sternum - angina pectoris |
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Term
| ____ is sensation of numbness or tingling. commonly in lips or extremities. |
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Definition
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Term
Most common cause of acute cough? Time?
Most common cause of subacute cough?
Chronic cough - how long? |
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Definition
viral URI - <3 weeks for acute cough
postinfection, bacterial sinusitis, asthma - 3-8 weeks
Chronic >8 weeks
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Term
Smoking facts:
__% of US adults smoke
__% start by age 18
Accounts for 1 in __ deaths each year in US
5 A's for assessing readiness to quit |
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Definition
23%
90%
1 in 5
A's:
Ask about tobacco use
Advise to quit through clear, personalized messages
Assess willingness to quit
Assist quitting
Arrange follow up and support |
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Term
| Regular resting respiration rate: __-__ breaths per minute |
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Definition
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|
Term
3 primary headaches.
What is secondary headache?
__% of americans experience some form of headache each year
Most common type of headache?
___ headaches are most serious because they likely indicate __, ___, or ____. |
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Definition
primary: migraine, tension, cluster
secondary: secondary to sinusitis, stroke, tumor, infection, fever
80%
tension-type or muscle-contraction type
Acute is most serious - due to subarachnoid hemorrhage, TIA, or "thunder clap headache" |
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Term
| What is an organic disorder and when should it be suspected as the cause of headache? |
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Definition
impaired brain fxn due to damage
Suspected when: pt has isolated severe headache, consistently localized pain that prevents sleep, headaches associated with straining, headaches accompanied by neurologic signs, change in usual headache pattern, chronic progressively severe headache |
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Term
Fxn of cough?
Common causes of acute cough (3)
Common causes of chronic cough in adults and children |
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Definition
Fxn: clear the airway
Acute: infection, allergies, post nasal drip
Chronic:
Adults: chronic bronchitis, postnasal drip, asthma, acid reflux, COPD, heart failure, TB, lung tumor, habit
Children: Recurrent viral URI, reactive airway disease, asthma, viral bronchitis, allergic rhinitis, chronic sinusitis, enlarged adenoids |
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Term
___ is the most common cause of acute cough in all ages
___ is the most common cause of chronic cough in kids
___ is A common cause of acute cough in school-aged kids |
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Definition
viral infection
viral bronchitis
mycoplasma pneumonia (walking pneumonia) |
|
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Term
___ is a common cause of cough in kids aged 3 mos - 6 years.
Is marked by "barking cough" and wheezing |
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Definition
|
|
Term
___ is the medical term for ear pain
otitis ___ is common ear infection in adults
otitis __ & __ otitits are common ear infection in kids
Earache in kids is usually a ___ infection. In adults it's usually ____. |
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Definition
otalgia
otitis externa
otitis media & serous otitis
kids - primary infection, adults - secondary (referred)
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Term
Symptoms of ____ include painful pinna, bilateral pain, frequent history of URI
Symptoms of ___ include blocked feeling in ear, pain, fever, discharge, relief with perforation
Symtpoms of ___ include pain, impaired hearing, fullness, tinnitus |
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Definition
otitis externa
otitis media
serous otitis |
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Term
Acute shortness of breath:
causes:
1. Marked by episodic precipitation, characterized by bilateral wheezing and decreased resp flow rate.
2. has two varieties: ___ is marked by tachypnea, inspiratory stridor, and localized wheezing. ___ is marked by severe resp distress, cyanosis, gasping, loss of consciousness
3. marked by anxiety, numbness and tingling in perioral and extremities
4. marked by chest pain, could be one of 4 things
5. marked by fever, chills |
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Definition
1. asthma
2. upper airway obstruction - incomplete and complete
3. hyperventiliation
4. spontaneous pneumo, PE, MI, chest trauma
5. penumonia |
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Term
Chronic/Recurrent shortness of breath:
Most common cause in children = ____
Most common causes in elderly (3)
Often seen in what populations? |
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Definition
in kids = asthma
in elderly = COPD, CHF, asthma
commonly seen in smokers, emphysema, chronic bronchitis, COPD |
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Term
If ____ is the cause of SOB, symptoms will include: intensification with effort, daily productive cough, shallow/rapid respiration, postural changes have little or no effect.
If ____ is the cause of SOB, symptoms will include: intensification wtih recumbency, shallow respirations though not rapid, Rate of recovery much slower |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Pulmonary diagnostic studies |
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Definition
| EKG, chest x-ray, hemoglobin, thyroid fxn, creatine, spirometry, pulmonary fxn test |
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Term
| Common cheif compaints for head and neck (from ppt) |
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Definition
facial pain
headache
sinus pain
neck pain
lumps and bumps
increased hair grwoth (hirsutism)
hair loss (alopecia)
lopsided face |
|
|
Term
What are these symptoms of?
tired jaw muscles in morning
morning headaches
excessive wear of teeth
sensitive teeth
broken/chipped teeth
sounds of griding |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
State which structures each lymph node drains and what enlargement might indicate:
preauricular
posterior cervical
supraclavicular
submandibular
anterior cervical |
|
Definition
preauricular - scalp and skin - scalf infection, mycobacterial infection, cancers of these areas
posterior cervical - scalp, neck, upper thorax - same as preauricular
supraclavicular - GI tract, GU tract, pulmonary - abdominal/thoracic neoplasm, thyroid/laryngeal disease, mycobacterial/fungal infections
submandibular - oral cavity - mono, URI, mycobacterial infection, toxoplasma, CMV, dental disease, rubella, cancer
Anterior cervical - larynx, tongue, oropharynx, anterior neck - same as submandibular |
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Term
| what disease causes goiter |
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Definition
| both hypo and hyperthyroidism |
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Term
| Facial features and conditions in a person with Down Syndrome |
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Definition
Facial - epicanthal folds, flat nasal bridge, flat occiput, gibbus neck, microcephaly, protruding tongue, small motuh, speckled irides
Conditions: hearing loss, sleep apnea, thyroid problems, depression, B12 deficiency, anemia, infection, metabolism problems, AAI, intracranial lesion |
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Term
| About __% of ear pain is related to infection. |
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Definition
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Term
___ separates the middle from external ear
___ separates middle and inner ear |
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Definition
tympanic membrane
oval/round windows |
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Term
|
Definition
| pain, drainage, infection, itching, vertigo, tinnitus, hearing los |
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Term
| A pt present with intense ear pain and a red, bulging tympanic membrane. Diagnosis? |
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Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
| pain, epistaxis, itching, congestion, purulence, snoring, apnea |
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Term
| CC's for lips mouth tongue and throat |
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Definition
difficulty swallowing (dysphagia)
painful swallowing (odynophagia)
cough
sore throat
lump in my throat
hoarseness
burning - glossitis, stomatitis, cheilits |
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Term
| Why is it important to palpate the apices of the lungs? What diseases hide there? |
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Definition
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Term
| Bronchophony, egophony, whispered pectoriloquy |
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Definition
bronchophony - put stethoscope on area of interest - say "99". if it is heard clearly, suggests consolidation
egophony - put stethoscope on area of interest - say "e" - if it sounds like "ay" then suggests consolidation
whispered pectoriloquy - whisper "99" - if you can hear it, consolidation |
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Term
| Death is preceded by ___ breathing, progressing to __ breathing. |
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Definition
| cheyne-stokes, then biots |
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Term
| 6 things to palpitate in the chest |
|
Definition
chest wall tenderness
chest wall crepitus/crackling
thoracic expansion
tactile fremitus
axillary/epitrochlear nodes
hands and nails for cyanosis, clubbing, deformities |
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Term
| Increased vibration = increased/decreased fremitus? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| 3 normal breathing sounds |
|
Definition
vesicular - soft, low pitched. fades 1/3 of way through exhalation - heard over main part of lung (bronchi, bronchioles, lobes)
bronchovesicular - 1-2 intercostal spaces - only heard over main bronchi
bronchial - only heard over trachea |
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