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Clincal/Abnormal Final
Final TEst
73
Psychology
Undergraduate 3
12/13/2011

Additional Psychology Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
Schizophrenia
Definition
devastating psychotic disorder that may involve characteristic disturbances in thinking (delusions), perceptions (hallucinations), speech, emotions, and behavior.
Term
Paranoid type of schizophrenia
Definition
Type of schizophrenia in which symptoms primarily involve delusion and hallucinations; speech and motor and emotional behavior remain relatively in relatively intact
-preoccupation with one or more delusions or frequent auditory hallucinations
-none of the following is prominent: disorganized speech, disorganized or catatonic behavior, or flat or inappropriate affect
Term
Disorganized type of schizophrenia
Definition
type of schizophrenia featuring disrupted speech and behavior, disjointed delusions and hallucinations and silly or flat affect
-disorganized speech, disorganized behavior, flat or inappropriate affect
-not catatonic
Term
Catatonic type of schizophrenia
Definition
type of schizophrenia in which motor disturbances (rigidity, agitation, and odd mannerism) predominate
-motoric immobility as evidenced by catalepsy (waxy flexibility) or stupor
-excessive motor activity (apparently purposeless and not influenced by external stimuli)
-extreme negativism (an apparently motiveless resistance to all instructions or maintenance of a rigid posture against attempts to be moved) or mutism
-peculiarities of voluntary movements as evidenced by posturing (voluntary assumption of inappropriate or bizarre postures) stereotyped movements, prominent mannerisms, grimacing
-echolalia, echopraxia
Term
Schizophreniform disorder
Definition
psychotic disorder involving symptoms of schizophrenia but lasting less than 6 months
Term
Schizo-affective disorder
Definition
psychotic disorder featuring symptoms of both schizophrenia and major mood disorder
-either a major depressive, manic or mixed episode concurrent with schizophrenia
-there have been delusions or hallucinations for at least 2 weeks
-not substance abuse
Term
Delusional disorder
Definition
psychotic disorder featuring a persistent belief contrary to reality (delusion) but no other symptoms of schizophrenia
-non bizarre delusions
Term
ADHD
Definition
developmental disorder featuring maladaptive levels of inattention, excessive activity, and impulsiveness
Term
Learning Disorders
Definition
reading, math, or written expression performance substantially below levels expected relative to the person’s age, IQ score and education
Term
Rett's Syndrome
Definition
progressive neurological developmental disorder featuring constant hand wringing, intellectual disability, and impaired motor skills
Term
Childhood disintegrative disorder
Definition
pervasive developmental disorder involving severe regression in language, adaptive behavior and motor skills after a 2 to 4 year period of normal development
Term
pervasive development disorder
Definition
wide ranging, significant, and long lasting dysfunctions that appear before the age of 18
Term
Autism
Definition
pervasive developmental disorder characterized by significant impairment in social interactions and communication and restricted patterns of behavior, interest and activity
Term
Asperger’s disorder
Definition
pervasive developmental disorder characterized by impairments in social relationships and restricted or unusual behaviors but without language delays seen in autism
Term
Intellectual disability
Definition
a diagnosis received when one achieves a significantly below-average score on a test of intelligence and by limitations in the ability to functions in areas of daily life
Term
Developmental Psychopathology
Definition
Study of how disorders arise and change with time, these changes usually follow a pattern, with the child mastering one skill before acquiring the next. This aspect of development is important because it implies that any disruption in the acquisition of early skills will by the very nature of the developmental process, also disrupt the development of later skills
Term
3 Main Symptom Clusters of Autistic disorder
Definition
-Impairment in social interaction: don’t develop types of social relationships expected for their age, joint attention not present
-Impairment in Communication: 1/3 never speak, must communication is unusual, some exhibit echolalia
-Restricted Behavior, Interests and Activities: like things to stay the same
Term
Distinguish between autism and Asperger’s disorder.
Definition
same as autism but without language impairment
Term
Down syndrome
Definition
type of intellectual disability caused by a chromosomal aberration (chromosome 21) and involving characteristic physical appearance
Term
Fragile X Syndrome
Definition
pattern of abnormality caused by a defect in the X chromosome resulting in intellectual disability, learning problems, and unusual physical characteristics
Term
Civil Commitment
Definition
mentally ill person in danger to self and or others, incarcerated within a psychiatric hospital (danger but not crime was committed)
Term
Criminal Commitment
Definition
mentally ill person committed a crime is confined to an institution, a person committed a crime and happened to be mentally ill
Term
Insanity defense
Definition
legal plea that a defendant should not be held responsible for a crime because that person was mentally ill at the time of the offense
Term
Insanity
Definition
legal rather than psychological or medical concept involving both a psychological disorder and an inability to know or appreciate the wrongfulness of criminal acts
Term
M’Naghten rule
Definition
“knowing right from wrong”
Term
Irresistible impulse
Definition
the person was compelled to commit the criminal act
Term
Durham Rule
Definition
“product test” not responsible if act was product of mental disease (didn’t need to know it was wrong if it was an impulse”
Term
American Law
Definition
combined M’Naghten rule with irresistible impulse
Term
Federal Insanity Defense Reform Act
Definition
Unable to determine right and wrong at the time of the offense
Term
“Guilty but mentally ill”- defined
Definition
plea allows a person to be found guilty but incarcerated in a mental hospital rather than a prison
Term
consequences of “guilty but mentally ill”
Definition
-allows system to both treat and punish an individual, confined in mental health institute, if cured, finish out sentence in prison
Term
Difference between competency to stand trial and the insanity defense
Definition
-competency assess whether the person has sufficient current mental presence to stand trial
-insanity defense applies to the mental state of the person at the time of the crime
Term
justifications used for civil commitment
Definition
-person has mental illness and is need of treatment
-person is dangerous to himself or others
-person is unable to care for himself
-right to act against wished of an individual
Term
civil commitment process
Definition
-person not committed a crime
-emergency commitment (temporary confinement due to safety; typically for no more than few days)
-formal commitment (court ordered, involuntary confinement can be mandated for longer period of time)
Term
Tarasoff decision and its clinical importance
Definition
duty to warn, mental health professionals must do everything in their power to save potential victims
Term
violence/dangerousness and mental illness
Definition
most mentally ill people aren’t violent or dangerous but media portrays them that way
Term
importance of and limits to confidentiality.
Definition
-implies that information shared with a physician or psychologist will not be revealed to others
-privileged communication involved a relationship that is protected by law
-physician and patient
-attorney and client
-psychologist and patient
Term
limits to confidentiality
Definition
-patient is going to hurt someone else or themselves
Term
right to refuse treatment & receive the least restrictive alternative
Definition
-be treated during incarceration
-have status reassessed during extended commitments
-refuse treatment
-be treated in least restrictive environment
Term
Deinstitutionalization
Definition
movement towards caring for mentally ill and mentally retarded in outpatient setting within community rather than in psychiatric hospital
Term
duty to warn
Definition
mental health professional’s responsibility to break confidentiality and notify the potential victim whom a client has specifically threatened
Term
Factors/ Elements of Abnormal
Definition
statistically infrequent, violations of norms, personal distress, harmful dysfunction
Term
problems associated with abnormal behavior definitions
Definition
-based on social judgment
-interobserver agreement
Term
Axis of DSM
Definition
-Axis 1: clinical disorders
-Axis 2: personality disorders and mental retardation
-Axis 3: General medical conditions
-Axis 4: Psychosocial and Environmental Problems
-Axis 5: GAF (score of 0 to 100)
Term
Axis 1 has:
Definition
Clinical Disorders
Term
Axis 2 is:
Definition
Personality Disorders and Mental Retardation
Term
Axis 3:
Definition
General Medical Disorders
Term
Axis 4:
Definition
Psychosocial and Environmental Disorders
Term
Axis 5:
Definition
GAF Score
Term
Scientist-Practitioner Model
Definition
-consumer of science (enhancing the practice)
-evaluator of science (determining the effectiveness of the practice)
-creator of science (conducting research that leads to new procedures useful in practice)
Term
Types of Mental Health Professionals
Definition
-Clinical psychologists (PhD, PsyD)
-Psychiatrists (MD)
-Social Workers (MSW)
-Counseling psychologist (MA,MS)
-Marriage and Family Therapist (MA, MS, MFT)
-Psychiatric Nurse (MN, MSN, PhD)
-Clinicians/Therapists
Term
Paradigms that explain abnormal behavior
Definition
-psychoanalytical: normal and abnormal behavior results from unconscious conflicts and tension
(free association, dream analysis, cathartic release)
-behavioral: focus on observable behavior, measureable, verifiable, conditioning
-cognitive: maladaptive behavior due o distorted thoughts/information processing (cognitions)
-how we behave is based on ways we THINK about environmental events
Term
Significance of Science and the Scientific Method with Abnormal Behavior
Definition
must be grounded in science
Term
diathesis-stress model
Definition
that biological and environmental factors come together to cause disorders
Term
Reason for Clinical Assessment
Definition
to figure whats wrong with people so you can help them
Term
Attempts and Succeeds in Suicide
Definition
More Women attempt more men succeed
Term
Major Depressive Episode
Definition
Extremely Sad
Term
Manic episode
Definition
Extremely happy, energetic, makes rash decisions
Term
Hypomanic
Definition
Not as happy as manic, doesn't impair functioning as much
Term
Beck's Theory of Depression
Definition
think about things in negative sense, make worst of everything,
Term
Beck's Depressive Cognitive Triad
Definition
negative about self, world, and future
Term
Distinguish between Fear, Anxiety, and Panic
Definition
Present, Future, Overwhelming Reaction
Term
Obsession vs Compulsion
Definition
Thoughts and Actions
Term
Mower's 2 factor Theory
Definition
classical conditioning when the stimulus gets paired with anxiety, operant when the anxiety reaction reinforces itself
Term
Controversies about DID
Definition
whether or not it actually exists, and when it is formed, as well as how it can be properly diagnosed
Term
Role of Trauma in DID
Definition
It is often done in order to escape the trauma of the traumatic experience.
Term
Personality Disorder (defined) & characteristics
Definition
enduring patterns of perceiving, relating to, and thinking about the environment and oneself that are exhibited in a wide range of social and personal contexts, and are inflexible and maladaptive.
Term
Clusters of Personality Disorders
Definition
Cluster A- Odd Ecentric
Cluster B- Dramatic
Cluster C- Anxious or Fearful
Term
Cluster A Personality Disorders are what?
Definition
paranoid, schizoid, schizotypal
Term
Cluster B Personality Disorders are what?
Definition
antisocial, histrionic, naricisictic, borderline
Term
Cluster C Personality Disorders are what?
Definition
obsessive compulsive, dependent, avoidant
Term
Schizophrenia and schizotypal difference?
Definition
Schizotypal tend to be less severe than that of a schizophrenia diagnosed person.
Term
Difference between Anorexia Nervosa, and Bulemia, and binging & purging behavior
Definition
Anorexia Nevrvosa is under 85% avg weight, Bulemia is over 85% average weight, and binging and purging is where the person will eat a massive amount of food and then puke it back up.
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