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Clin Psych exam 5
n/a
36
Psychology
Undergraduate 3
04/11/2012

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Cards

Term
Law of effect
Definition
All organisms pay attention to the consequences of their actions. Actions that are followed by pleasurable consequences are more likely to recur, whereas actions that are followed by unpleasant consequences are less likely to recur. (thorndike)
Term
Father of Behaviorism
Definition
John Watson (little Albert)
Term
Goals of Behavioral Therapy
Definition
Alter observable behavior that is causing distress/impairment within an individuals life.
Emphasis on empirically evidence (i.e., behaviors and hypothesis must be testable)
Anecdotal evidence is NOT acceptable.
Emphasis on regularly collecting data during treatment. Why? (to back up to find if it works)
Term
Scientific Method of Behavioral Psychotherapy
Definition
Observe the phenomenon
Developing hypotheses to explain problem
Test hypothesis through experimentation
Observing the outcome of the tests
Revising the hypotheses
Term
Stimulus Generalization
Definition
When stimuli similar to that of the CS in presentation (e.g., sight, sounds, smells) elicit CR’s similar to those of the original CS without actual pairing. Side note: the less similar the stimuli is to the CS, the weaker the response.
Term
Stimulus Discrimination:
Definition
The tendency to respond differently to two similar stimuli.
Term
Higher Order Conditioning
Definition
When a NS is paired with a CS to elicit a CR. Eventually the NS becomes a CS2 and elicits the CR without the original CS being present.
Term
exposure therapy
Definition
Using the extinction process without allowing for escape. Aka Exposure with Response Prevention
Term
Common areas of use in exposure therapy
Definition
Anxiety Disorders
Depression
Autism
Parent Training
Schizophrenia
Drug Treatments. Overdoses?
Term
A-B-C =
Definition
Antecedents, Behaviors, Consequences
Term
Common Reinforcers
Definition
Food
Touch/sex
Money
Attention
Services
Humor
Term
Common Punishers
Definition
Pain
Social embarrassment
Verbal reprimands
Timeout
Speeding Tickets?
Term
Operant Extinction
Definition
No longer present the reinforcer or punisher. Most effective with reinforcers.
Term
Extinction Burst
Definition
Immediate increase in behavior when extinction is implemented.
Term
Token Economies
Definition
Schizophrenia, classrooms, parenting, work etc.
Term
Contingency management
Definition
I/O Psychology, sales, school….LIFE!
Term
shaping
Definition
Reinforcing successive approximations to the ultimate goal
Term
Token economies involve
Definition
shaping
Term
Operant conditioning therapy techs
Definition
Contingency management
extinction
token economies
behavioral activation
parental training skills
teaching
drug treatment
Term
Behavioral Activation
Definition
Based on Lewinsons Theory that depression is a result of lack of response contingent reinforcement within the environment.
Thus increasing behavior makes it more likely for a person to com into contact with reinforcement.
Term
Parent Training Skills
Definition
earning when and how to reinforce and punish child's behaviors. CONSISTENCY.
Term
Teaching
Definition
Learning curves, quizzes to increase class attendance, data suggestion mastery of knowledge (i.e., grades).
Term
Drug treatments
Definition
ecognizing SD’s, frequent coping behaviors, reinforcers related to those behaviors.
Term
Founders of cog psycho
Definition
aaron beck
albert ellis
Term
Beck
Definition
still alive dealt with depressed patients
Term
Ellis
Definition
Founder of cog psyco (addressed thoughts)
Term
Cog psycho
Definition
Significant overlap with behavioral therapy which is why it is often referred to as cognitive-behavioral therapy
Term
steps in cog psycho
Definition
Identify situation in which negative cognitions/behaviors/feelings occur
Identify “negative Automatic Thoughts” (NAT)
Identify common thought errors
Describe emotions related to thoughts
Disputing questions to test accuracy of NAT
Create a rational response
Term
NAT
Definition
Assign % of belief that the NAT is correct
takes time to become aware.
Term
overgeneralization
Definition
Applying a low rate event to the masses. (Racism)
Term
Discounting the Positive/Mental Filtering
Definition
: not placing enough importance on success or attributing it to other events/chance
Term
personalization
Definition
Taking full responsibility for negative events and not placing emphasis on the context and other variables
Term
emotional reasoning
Definition
I feel it is true so it must be true
Term
Maladaptive Thoughts:
Definition
Thoughts that are true or based on fact that are not useful/cause problems
Term
Cog therapists can't
Definition
say everything will be fine
Term
Rational response
Definition
Brief sentence that summarizes what the evaluation of the original NAT was based off of evidence. Often times is much more neutral than the original NAT and based on reality or higher percentages of likelihood.
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