Term
65. Why do patient with severe liver disease have coagulophathies?
|
|
Definition
| Don’t produce coag factors very well, vit K deficiencys, decrease acids |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Coag and break down, bleed from everywhere, overstimulated pathways |
|
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Term
63. What is hemophilia A and B?
|
|
Definition
(deficiency in factor 8)
(deficiency in factor 9, Christmas |
|
|
Term
62. What is vonwillebrands disease?
|
|
Definition
| Deficiency of factor 8, not able to adhere to platelets, common congenital |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Autoimmue with IgG that attacks platelets |
|
|
Term
60. What are protein S and protein C?
|
|
Definition
| coenzymes involed with regulating fibrinolysis, help break down clots |
|
|
Term
59. What do elevated FDP and D- dimer?
|
|
Definition
| increased clotting and fibrinolysis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Enzyme that degrades fibrin |
|
|
Term
What results from plasmin interating with fibrin?
|
|
Definition
| Fibrinolysis with d dimer and fibrin degradatin products |
|
|
Term
57. How is fibrinolysis initiated?
|
|
Definition
| As soon as intrinsic starts it is initiated and it is initiated later with tpa; |
|
|
Term
56. What is an activated clotting time?
|
|
Definition
| Used to check high dose heparin during coronary artery bypass, hemodialysis, angioplasty with stent |
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|
Term
55. What does aPtt test fo
|
|
Definition
|
|
Term
54. What is Coumadin indicated for?
|
|
Definition
| Med given to prevent micro blood clots |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Reference range for bleeding time |
|
|
Term
What are the normal ranges for PT?and INR?
|
|
Definition
|
|
Term
53. What does Pt test assess?
|
|
Definition
|
|
Term
52. Which factor is the starting point of the common pathway?
|
|
Definition
|
|
Term
51. What factors are vit K dependent
|
|
Definition
|
|
Term
50. How do platelets and vonwillibrand factor interact?
|
|
Definition
|
|
Term
49. How does aspirin affect platelets?
|
|
Definition
| reduced platets and aggregating |
|
|
Term
Which studies assess platelet function?
|
|
Definition
| Bleeding time, platelet count |
|
|
Term
48. What starts the intrinsic pathway? The extrinsic?
|
|
Definition
Factor 12 and platelets
Factor 7 |
|
|
Term
47. What is exposed during an injur to the blood stream to start the coag process?
|
|
Definition
| Collage, tissue factor/thromboplastin |
|
|
Term
46. What are petechia, purpura and eccymosis?
|
|
Definition
| Pinpoint hemmorages, grouped together pinpoint hemmorages, intradermal hemorrhage |
|
|
Term
45. What is hemochromatosis?
|
|
Definition
| Increased iron absorbed in the gut |
|
|
Term
44. What it the pathophysiology of sideroblatic anemia?
|
|
Definition
| Defective heme synthesis due to increased iron, problem with the insertion into the porphyrin ring |
|
|
Term
43.What are the causes of iron def. anemia?
|
|
Definition
| Blood loss, diet, absorption issues, pregnancy |
|
|
Term
42. Which test is best to evaluate iron body stores?
|
|
Definition
|
|
Term
41. How is iron transported?
What are the storage forms of iron?
|
|
Definition
Transferrin
Ferritin, hemosiderin |
|
|
Term
40. Where is the majority of iron in the body?
|
|
Definition
|
|
Term
39. What is porphyria?
What is the cause of secondary porphyia?
|
|
Definition
Deficiency of heme synthesis (enzymes)
Lead poisoning |
|
|
Term
38. What is the best test to evaluate for hgb abnormalities?
|
|
Definition
| Hemoglobin electrophoresis |
|
|
Term
37. What is the alpha thalassemia? Beta thalassemia?
|
|
Definition
alpha chains deleted
beta chains deleted |
|
|
Term
36. What is the pathophysiology of Hgb SS?
|
|
Definition
| Defective hemoglobin molecule forming polymers which damage the RBC membrane resulting in a sickle cell shape when RBC is deoxygenated; patient becomes hypoxic when the sickle cell get caught in the organs |
|
|
Term
35. What is carboxyhemoglobin? Methemoglobin?
|
|
Definition
Hemoglobin + Carbon monoxide
Hemoglobin where Fe 2+ is oxidized to Fe3+, molecule can’t carry O2 |
|
|
Term
34. What 3 parts are needed for hemoglobin synthesis to occur?
|
|
Definition
| iron, heme, globin chains |
|
|
Term
33. How is anemia classified?
|
|
Definition
| MCV is based on size of the cells |
|
|
Term
32. When is a bone marrow aspirate indicated for?
|
|
Definition
| Lymphoma, aplastic anemia (CBC- everything is decreased), leukemia (WBC is high) |
|
|
Term
31. Why is a G6PD deficiency significant?
|
|
Definition
| Shows exposure of RBC in pt to certain drugs |
|
|
Term
30. What is an erythrocyte sedimentation rate?
|
|
Definition
| Non specific test for how fast the cells fall, inflammation with increased protein so the cells fall quicker |
|
|
Term
29. What causes increase retic count?
|
|
Definition
|
|
Term
28. Where are megakaryocytes and what do they do? What is the normal CBC range?
|
|
Definition
Platelets from bone marrow that stop blood loss and promote clotting
150,000-400,000 |
|
|
Term
Just look up pic 27. Name different types of wbcs by picture?
|
|
Definition
| Eosinophil, basophil, lymphocyte, monocyte, platelet, neutrophil |
|
|
Term
26. look up pic of Reactive lymphocyte picture
|
|
Definition
|
|
Term
25. What do toxic granulations and vacuoles indicate?
|
|
Definition
|
|
Term
24. What is the function of WBC?
|
|
Definition
| phagocytize, immune, foreign body desturciton |
|
|
Term
23. What is the most common cause of megaloblastic anemia?
|
|
Definition
|
|
Term
22. What are some inclusions seen in RBCS ?
|
|
Definition
| (howel jolly, Heinz, pappenheiimer) and WBCs (dohle body) |
|
|
Term
21. What does the presence of spherocyte indicate?
|
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what does presence of Burr cells indicate? |
|
Definition
anemia of chronic dz
liver or renal disease |
|
|
Term
what does presence of Helmet cells indicate?
|
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what does presence of schistocytes indicate? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what does presence of acanthocytes indicate? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what does presence of ovalocytes indicate? |
|
Definition
iron def
thalasemia
megaloblastic |
|
|
Term
| what does presence of target cells indicate? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what does presence of stomantocytes indicate? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what does presence of rouleux indicate? |
|
Definition
increased protein
mulitple myeloma |
|
|
Term
20. Which RBC indice indicated the size of RBC?
Hemoglobin content?
Variability of cell size?
|
|
Definition
|
|
Term
19. Describe the appearance of reticulocytes with wrights stain?
|
|
Definition
| Slightly larger than mature RBCS that appear blue or blue gray |
|
|
Term
18. What is the life span of a RBC?
What causes the destruction?
|
|
Definition
120 days
extravascular and intravascularly (hemolytic anemia) |
|
|
Term
17. What does tissue hypoxia cause?
Which organ and which hormone?
|
|
Definition
inc prod of erythropoietin
kidney and EPO |
|
|
Term
16. What causes increase destruction of RBC?
|
|
Definition
| Hemaglobinopathies, Fe def. anemia, megaloblastic anemia, congenital anemia |
|
|
Term
15. How long does it take for RBC to mature?
where do the different stages mature?
|
|
Definition
1-2 days
peripheral circulation |
|
|
Term
14. What is a WBC differential?
What else is examined on the peripheral blood smear?
|
|
Definition
percentage of different types of WBC
Morphology of RBC |
|
|
Term
13. What stain is used for peripheral blood smear?
|
|
Definition
|
|
Term
12. What is hematopoiesis?
Where does it occur?
|
|
Definition
Development blood cells
Bone marrow |
|
|
Term
11. what is aplastic anemia?
|
|
Definition
| Aplasic of bone marrow or destruction by chemical agents/physical factors |
|
|
Term
10. what causes anemia?
what abnormalities are seen on the CBC?
|
|
Definition
Increased RBC destruction, blood loss or decreased RBC production
Decreased hematocrit and hemoglobin |
|
|
Term
9. What are the effects of improper storage?
|
|
Definition
| Bacterial growth, raise specific gravity, precipitate amorphous phosphate and urate crystals |
|
|
Term
8. How is a 24 hr urine sample collected?
|
|
Definition
| Get rid of the first sample and keep all of the others for 24 hours |
|
|
Term
7. what tests are elevated due to strenuous exercise?
|
|
Definition
|
|
Term
6. what tests need to be done after patient fasts?
|
|
Definition
|
|
Term
5. what artery is most commonly used for artery blood sample?
what special test is necessary?
|
|
Definition
radial artery
modified allens test
check for ulnar artery competency |
|
|
Term
4. what gauge of needle is appropriate for venipuncture?
|
|
Definition
| 22 or larger (meaning a smaller number) |
|
|
Term
3. what abnormalities are present when rbcs are hemolyzed in the sample?
|
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 2. what is diff bw plasma and serum? |
|
Definition
plasma has protein
serum does not have coag proteins - they are already clotted at bottom |
|
|
Term
| 1. color tube used for hematology study? |
|
Definition
| lavender/purple with EDTA |
|
|
Term
| color tube used for coagulation study? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| color tube used for glucose monitor and test? |
|
Definition
|
|
