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| set up first psychology lab |
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| believe that consciousness is made up of basic elements that were combined in different ways to produce different perceptions. |
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| involves reporting on one’s own conscious thoughts and feelings |
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| believed in a complex mind/body interaction. |
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| although the mind and body are separate entities, they interact with each other (Descartes) |
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| structuralist who set up the first psychology lab in the US |
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| interested in how mental experiences or processes were adaptive or functional. |
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| taught that each individual is born with a mind that is empty, a mind that is a blank slate. (Locke) |
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| Functionalist, believed that consciousness and behavior helped people and animals adjust to their environments |
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| He believed that in order to understand a conscious experience, a person did not have to rely on separating the experience into its components but rather, perceive the experience as a whole. (opposite structuralism) |
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| quick, unplanned responses |
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| solving using previous experiences and what is already known |
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| focused on patterns of observable responses to external stimuli and rewards, leading exemplar in the theory of behaviorism, a school of thought that studies humans’ and animals’ physiological responses to external stimuli. |
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| focuses on understanding how physiological and biochemical processes might produce psychological phenomena |
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| teaches that thoughts, feelings, and behaviors stem from the interaction of innate drives and society’s restriction on those drives. |
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| favored psychodynamic approach, important urges are sexual and aggressive |
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| examine behavior look to terms of learned responses to predictable patters of environmental stimuli (ie Pavlov), John B. Watson |
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| explains behavior in terms of expectations, feelings, and thoughts. Studies problem-solving, attention, memory, other thought processes |
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| - people are motivated by a desire for optimal growth and development (self-actualization) who have unique sets of desires, abilities, skills, and needs that must be expressed so they can be happy and well-adjusted. People are basically good- focus is on positive aspects of development |
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| assess cause-and-effect relationships |
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| when an experimental group behaves differently because they know they are being exposed to a special treatment |
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| when the subjects don’t know whether they have been given a drug or a placebo |
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| when neither the subject nor the experimenters know who has been given the placebo and who has the drug |
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| assess relationships between two variables without manipulating them |
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| when high scores on one variable are paired with high scores on another |
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| when high scores of one variable are paired with low scores of another |
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| describes the strength of relationships |
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| participants answer questions about themselves |
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| in-depth analysis of one person |
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| studies behavior as it occurs in real-life settings |
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| agreement among observers (inter-judge / inter-observer) |
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