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Classification ODASIS Supplemental Notes
Classification ODASIS Supplemental Notes
44
Biology
Undergraduate 2
03/04/2011

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Term
__________ is the science of naming, describing, and classifying organisms.
Definition
1) Taxonomy
Term
__________ does not imply a bases in evolutionary history of organisms.
Definition
1) Taxonomy
Term
__________ is the grouping of animals based on evolutionary history. 
Definition
1) Phylogeny
Term
__________ is a formal group at any level; informal units such as algae are not defined as __________.
Definition
1) Taxon
2) Taxa
Term
__________ is the scientific study of the diversity of organisms and their evolutionary relationships.
Definition
1) Systematics
Term
__________ designed a classification system in the mid 18th century, which has survived with some modification.
Definition
1) Linneaus
Term
The system designed by Linneaus is __________ as the higher categories of organisms have more __________ characteristics while the lower groups have more __________ characteristics.
Definition
1) Hierarchical
2) General
3) Specific
Term
Linneaus did not possesses an __________ perspective in his classification scheme.
Definition
1) Evolutionary
Term
Darwin's theory of evolution by __________ __________ was developed __________ after Linneaus.
Definition
1) Natural selection 2) 80 years
Term
Linneaus used __________ __________ to classify organisms .
Definition
1) Morphological characteristics
Term
A system of classification not based on evolutionary relationships is considered __________.
Definition
1) Artificial
Term
A system of classification based on evolutionary relationships is said to be __________.
Definition
1) Natural
Term
Today all of our taxonomy is based on __________; people who work on figuring out these relationships are called __________.
Definition

1) Genetics

2) Systematicists

Term
The comparison of __________ sequences is now the primary basis for determining evolutionary relationships between organisms.
Definition
1) Nucleotide
Term
A __________ can only belong to one family.
Definition
1) Genus
Term
A __________ is the basic unit of classification.
Definition
1) Species
Term
The __________ the category, the more fundamental the similarities are between members.
Definition
1) Higher
Term
The __________ is the only taxonomic group which has no set definition and is thus operationally defined.
Definition
1) Species
Term
__________ __________ was the first to develop the biological species concept.
Definition
1) Ernst Mayr
Term
Ernst Mayr acquired the idea of the biological species concept through studying a vast variety of __________ in __________ __________ in the 1920s.
Definition
1) Birds
2) New Guinea
Term
The __________ __________ __________ is when a species consists of a group of populations whose members are potentially capable of interbreeding in nature to produce offsrping.
Definition
1) Biological species concept
Term
The three limitations to the biological species concept are:
Definition
1. Some organisms reproduce asexually
2. Doesn't help classify extinct species
3. Doesn't work well with prokaryotes
Term
The __________ __________ __________ is the idea that organisms that look the same are considered to be in the same species; initially implied to body morphology.
Definition
1) Morphological species concept
Term
The morphological species concept is more flexible than the biological species concept for two primary reasons:
Definition
1) Allows classification of extinct species
2) A biological species is likely to fit the morphospecies concept because organisms sharing a common gene pool are very likely to look similar.
Term
The __________ __________ __________ allows for the classification of extinct species.
Definition
1) Morphological species concept
Term
The __________ __________ __________ is more likely to fit the __________ __________ __________ because organisms sharing a common gene pool are very likely to look similar as genes determine morphology.
Definition
1) Biological species concept
2) Morphological species concept
Term
Prior to Linneaus, a species was named through a distinct __________.
Definition
1) Paragraph
Term
Species are designated by a __________ which is a two-part name.
Definition
1) Binomen
Term
The binomen consists of the __________ and __________ __________.
Definition
1) Genus
2) Specific epithet
Term
In the binomen, the genus name should always be __________; the specific epithet should always be __________; the entire binomen should be either __________ or __________.
Definition
1) Capitalized
2) Lowercase
3) Italicized
4) Underlined
Term
In the binomen, the __________ __________ is often descriptive.
Definition
1) Specific epithet
Term
In the binomen, the __________ __________ can be utilized by species in different genera.
Definition
1) Specific epithet
Term
After the binomen has been stated once, the __________ can then be represented by its first letter.
Definition
1) Genus
Term
A feature used in classification is called a __________.
Definition
1) Character
Term
__________ are different forms of a character.
Definition
1) States
Term
__________ __________ are those shared by two species because they were derived or inherited from a common ancestor.
Definition
1) Homologous characters
Term
__________ __________ are those which may have similar forms but do not result from a common ancestor.
Definition
1) Analogous characters
Term
__________ __________ often result from convergent evolution.
Definition
1) Analogous characters
Term
__________ __________ is independent evolution of structural or functional similarity in two or more distantly related species, usually as a result of adaptations to similar environments.
Definition
1) Convergent evolution
Term
A __________ __________ includes only organisms with a common evolutionary history.
Definition
1) Monophyletic taxon
Term
A __________ __________ is one in which all the descendants of a recent common ancestor are represented.
Definition
1) Monophyletic taxon
Term
Classifying organisms into a __________ __________ is a goal of systematic taxonomy.
Definition
1) Monophyletic taxon
Term
A __________ __________ is one which consists of several evolutionary lines with no common ancestor shared between the group.
Definition
1) Polyphyletic taxon
Term
A __________ __________ is one in which all members share a common ancestor but not all of that ancestor's descendants are included within the taxon.
Definition
1) Paraphyletic taxon
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