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| What are the five characteristics of life? |
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Definition
- Can Reproduce.
- Are Organized.
- Develop and Grow.
- Use Energy.
- Respond to their environment.
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| Compare and contrast growth and development. |
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Definition
| Growth is defined as a change in size while development is defined as a change in size and appearance. |
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Term
| Describe homeostasis and provide examples of how humans maintain homeostasis. |
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Definition
| Homeostasis is the ability to maintain balanced conditions inside the body by adjusting physiological processes. Examples of how humans maintain homeostasis inside the body are through water levels, pH (acidity levels) and temperature. |
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| Describe three methods of asexual reproduction and identify the methods used by bacteria, planaria and yeast. |
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Definition
- The method used by bacteria is fission. It is when one cell divides into two.
- The method used by planaria is one where the organism is split, either by itself or by something else, and each half regrows the lost parts by regeneration.
- The method used by yeast is budding. It is when a new organism grows on another one and separates when it is fully mature.
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| Explain the significance of metabolism in living things. Provide examples of metabolism. |
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Definition
| Metabolism is the mechanism of living cells to extract, convert and store energy from nutrients, which is necessary to be a living thing. One example of metabolism is our digestive system breaking down food, while another is plants using light energy for photosynthesis. |
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Term
Describe the contributions of each of the following scientists to the field of taxonomy:
Aristotle
Carolus Linnaeus
Carl Woese |
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Definition
- Aristotle developed the first system of classification, which had two kingdoms: Plants and Animals.
- Carolus Linnaeus developed the system of classification that we use now to name different species, called Binomial Nomenclature.
- Carl Woese developed a tree of life that was not anthropocentric, due to the fact that it focused more on microbes than the once-great kingdoms of Animalia, Plantae and Fungi. It also included the three domains for the first time.
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Term
| Identify the language used for scientific names and state reasons why it is used. |
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Definition
| Latin is used for scientific names because it was the language of scholars, it is dead (so it never evolves or changes) and it can easily be used for universal names. |
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Term
| Name the major taxa used in the hierarchy of classification in order from broadest to most specific. |
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Definition
- Domain
- Kingdom
- Phylum
- Class
- Order
- Family
- Genus
- Species
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Term
| Identify all characteristics common to all animals in Phylum Chordata and Class Mammalia. |
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Definition
- All animals in the Phylum Chordata must have a backbone.
- All animals in the Class Mammalia must give live birth, must be warm-blooded, must have hair or fur and must have mammary glands.
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Term
| Name a scientific name in binomial nomenclature. |
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Definition
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Term
| Identify five criteria used to classify an organism into a kingdom. |
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Definition
| An organism is classified into kingdoms by using the criteria of cell type, complexity, how it obtains energy, how it reproduces and its number of cells. |
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Term
| Identify and distinguish between the Biological Levels of Organization. |
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Definition
- Atom
- Molecule
- Organelle
- Macromolecule
- Cell (life starts)
- Tissue
- Organ
- Organ System
- Organism
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Term
| Classify a human being at each level in the hierarchy of classification. |
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Definition
- Domain: Eukarya
- Kingdom: Animalia
- Phylum: Chordata
- Class: Mammalia
- Order: Primate
- Family: Hominidae
- Genus: Homo
- Species: Homo sapiens
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Term
| Compare and contrast chemosynthesis and photosynthesis. Identify organisms that perform each process. |
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Definition
| Chemosynthesis and photosynthesis both help organisms make food on their own without the help of other organisms. However, chemosynthesis is when an organism gets energy from chemical reactions. (giant tube worm, bacteria) while photosynthesis is when an organism gets energy from sunlight (plantae, protista). |
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Term
| Describe Ernst Mayr's Biological Species Concept. Explain its limitations. |
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Definition
| The Biological Species Concept's purpose was to define what exactly a species is. A species is an interbreeding natural population that produces viable, fertile offspring. Its limitations are fertile hybrids and organisms that asexually reproduces. |
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Term
| List examples of extremophiles and describe the environment in which each thrives. |
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Definition
- Halophiles love salt and live in areas such as the Dead Sea and Salt Lake.
- Thermophiles love heat and live in areas such as vents deep under the ocean's surface.
- Pyrophiles love fire and live in areas such as volcanoes.
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- Forward.
- Favoring.
- Before.
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- Nourishment
- One who feeds.
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| A mode of reproduction by which offspring arise from a single parent and inherit the genes of that parent only. |
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| An organism that produces carbohydrates, fats and proteins using energy from light. Also known as a producer because it makes its own food. |
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| The modern system of identifying different species by their own two-word Latin names. |
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| The study of living organisms, divided into many specialized fields. |
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Term
Biological Species Concept
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Definition
| A concept developed by Ernst Mayr that defines a species as groups of actually or potentially interbreeding natural populations that produce viable, fertile offspring. |
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| The smallest structural and functional unit of an organism. |
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| A change in size and appearance. |
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| A taxa, which is also known as phylum. |
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| The most general level of taxa. |
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| An organism consisting of a cell or cells that contain a distinct nucleus. |
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| Still in existance; surviving. |
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| A microorganism, especially an Archaen, that lives in conditions of extreme temperature, acidity or chemical concentration. |
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| An organism, especially a microorganism, which thrives in saline conditions. |
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| An organism deriving its nutritional requirements from complex organic substances. |
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| An organism that thrives in extremely hot environments. |
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| An organism that is composed of many cells. |
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| A part of an organism that is typically self-contained and has a specific vital function. |
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| A group of organs that work together to perform a certain task. |
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| Something with many names. |
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| A microscopic single-celled organsm that does not have a distinct nucleus. |
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| A substance, typically produced by a bacterium, that produces fever when introduced or released into the blood. |
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| A plant, fungus or microorganism that lives on dead and decaying organic matter. |
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| The creation of a new organism by combining the genetic material of two organisms. |
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| A taxonomic group of any rank, such as a species. |
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| The science of classifying organisms. |
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| A bacterium or another microorganism that grows best at higher than normal temperatures. |
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| Any of the distinct types of material of which animals or plants are made, consisting of specialized cells and their products. |
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| An organism that is composed of only one cell. |
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