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| Building at Toumba, Lefkandi, Euboea 1000-950 |
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| protogeometric pottery (which years?) |
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*rectangular with entrance on short end
*features along middle axis
*in antis- colums between antae
*prostyle- row of columns in front of antae
*amphiroprostyle- rows of columns in front of antae and other side
*peripteral- columns all the way around the walls |
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sanctuary of hera at Samos 500's
*started as a simple building
*added a veranda
*destroyed and rebuilt
*largest ever greek temple
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ratio of columns
500's
300's |
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more elaborate temples become wider
500's - 6:13
300's - 6:11 |
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900-700
*earlier=darker
*later=lighter
*animal/human representation
*funeral scenes
*combat scenes
*shipwreck
*eventually geometric art becomes more interested in portraying specific individuals and this is often done by representing the supernatural and the mythological like Hercules and the hydra and Hercules and the twins |
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*Founded colonies in N. africa, Italy, France
*very importantly in the black sea region. this revitalizes greek art. they see other cultures art and are able to incorporate it in their art
*Politically independent settlements |
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| Orientalizing Age important points |
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Definition
700-600
*Trade with Near East
*near east had no dark age, so more advanced
*cast bronze
*various ideas rubbed off |
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Potnia Theron 700
*Lady of Wild Beasts (eventually artimus)
*Woman flanked by animals
*Greece - clothed, Near East - nude |
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| Good luck in Near East, evil in Greece |
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Definition
*Chimaera
*siren
*griffin
*gorgon
*sphinx |
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| alphabetic writing system |
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Definition
750-700
*Discarded symbols for sounds Greek didn't have
*Added symbols for sounds Near East didn't have
*Writing tablet inscribed with Greek alphabet
*Inconsequential writing indicates widespread literacy |
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from Lydia: 650-600
*Most Greek states issued their own coins
*Image indicates puritylweight (value) of metal pellet
*earliest 600's coins made with silver and gold mix "electrum"
*550 - started issuing pure gold and silver coins |
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Protocorinthian Pottery
725-650
*Produced in Corinth
*Combines geometric and orientalized elements
*Abstract animal representations
*Geometric ornamentation
*more realistic than geometric. There is an interest in telling a story. many solderers (hoplights) |
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Greek motifs without Near Eastern prototypes: 600-500
*Egg + Dart (pictured)
*Lesbian Leaf
*Bead + Reel
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| Archaic Age important points |
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650-480
*Interest in pattern
*Suppress naturalism for patterned
*Drapery, hair, musculature
*Volumes are slight, flat
*Archaic smile
*Brightly colored
*Painted all over |
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Kouros/Kouroi
Kleobis and Biton - 580 BC
*Male dedication statues
*Usually nude
*Became more naturalistic in later years
*Near Eastern influence
*stance (one foot slightly forward)
*Greek = equal weight on both feet
*Egyptian = weight on rear foot
*Greek = nude
*Egyptian = clothed
*Wig-like, thick, patterned hair |
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Kore/Korai
Dedication from Nikandre to Artemis
*Female dedication statues
*Fully clothed |
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Dreros, Crete - 630
*Found sheet bronze, riveted sculptures
*Represented Apollo, Artemis, and Leto |
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Mantiklos dedicated small bronze
figurine to Apollo |
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400's
(a) Model image in wax over core of clay
(b) Put mold and chaplets (pins) around wax model
(c) Heat mold, drain melted wax
(i) Chaplets hold core in place
(ii) Empty space where wax model used to be
(d) Pour molten bronze into holes in mold |
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| Indirect lost wax casting |
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Definition
400's
(a) Make model in clay
(b) Put mold around model
(c) Take mold apart in pieces
(d) Line inside of mold with thin wax
(e) Fill empty space with core of clay
(f) Put mold back together
(g) Heat mold, drain melted wax
(h) Pour molten bronze into holes in mold |
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Heraion of Samos
(1) 6 figures on one base
(a) One sitting
(b) Four standing
(c) One reclining |
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a) Temple of Artemis (Corfu) - 580 BC
i) Earliest stone temple
ii) Doric order
iii) Column ratio 8:17
iv) Pediments
(1) Only one survives (probably both the same)
(2) Gorgon protecting temple from evil
(a) Monumental
(b) Fangs, snakes for hair
(3) Leopards on both sides
(a) Potnia Theron?
(4) Pegasus, winged horse
(5) Smaller figures in corners to fill out space
(a) Scales
(b) Stance
(6) Detailed carving, even where not visible
(a) Competition?
(b) Pride?
(c) Professionalism? |
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Temple of Aphaia [Athena] (Aegina) 500
i) Column ratio 6:12
ii) Pediments
(1) Combat
(a) Heroic nudity
(b) Athena presiding over battle
(2) One pediment older than other
(3) Not carved in relief!
(a) Full statues carved all the way around
(i) "virtuosoism" showing off
(4) Sculptures arranged to show depth
(5) Momentary stances - falling down
(6) Brightly colored
(a) archer
(b) Athena's Aegis (mantle) |
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exikias amphora 540
ajax and achilles playing dice, royal family of sparta
black figure 700-650 through 480
i) Began in Corinth from late geometric
ii) 2D silhouettes
iii) Red background, black figures
iv) Incised white lines |
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Makron Skyphos (Helen's abduction) 490
(1) Side A - Helen's Abduction
(a) Static female group
(i) Helen, Aphrodite, Persuasion
(b) Dynamic male group
(i) Aeneas, Paris, boy (under handle)
(2) Side B - Menelaus taking Helen back
(a) Mixed static group
(i) Kriseus, Kriseis, Priam (under handle)
(b) Mixed dynamic group
(i) Menelaus, Helen, Aphrodite
(3) Menelaus' shield (silhouette bull)
contrasts with Aeneas' shield (etched lion)
Red Figure technique - 530
i) replaced black Figure technique
ii) Invented, not formed gradually
iii) Black background, red figures
iv) Embossed black lines, not incised |
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a) Persian army tried to seize continental Greece 490
i) Failed
b) Persian army (+ Persian king) tried again - 480 BC
i) Failed again
c) Greek victory inspired more self confidence/self awareness of power
i) Politics, literature, art
ii) Less emphasis on pattern + ornament
(1) [end of archaic] |
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Found dedication of charioteer at Delphi 470
i) Charioteer
ii) Chariot
iii) 4 horses
Zeus statue of Artemisium 460
i) Inlaid eyebrows, lips, nipples
Severe Style - early classical 480-400 |
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Acropolis for main temples to gods - Athens 400's
Patron goddess Athena
d) Delian League for protection
i) Athens became empire
ii) Perikles as emperor
(1) Building program
(a) Parthenon
(b) Entrance gate
(c) Temple of Athena Nike
(d) Engraved stone for record of public funds |
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Parthenon 447-432
(i) White grain marble
(ii) Looks like a temple, but no altar!
1. maybe a votive offering in the form of a temple
(iii)deviations from horizontality and verticality
1. curvature of foundation - rise in the center
2. Entasis
a. Swelling of column shaft
b. Never bigger than base of column shaft
refinements |
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Athena Parthenos
Cult image of Athena
1. golden ivory "Chryselephantine"
a. scaffolding and wooden frame
2. 40 ft high
3. nothing remains, only descriptions |
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[image][image][image] |
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| parthenon metopes, east/west pediments |
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| delphi, sanctuary of apollo, treasury of the siphnians 525 |
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| Late Geometric Vase painting: mythical narrative |
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[image]
[image]
[image] |
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| workshop of pheidias 430s |
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