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| Glory for all time. The choice of a glorious death in battle over a long but uneventful life a la Achilles. (Kid of funny if you think about it since they'll never know if they've attained it) |
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| honor through material possessions, including women. Can also be a general term for honor. To take a possession of someone else is to extremely disrespect them (thus why Achilles gets sooo freaking pissed.) |
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| That awkward relationship between shame and reverence. You revere someone/something because you feel shame when you compare yourself to it/them. Paris has none. |
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| an equitable trade between two people of equal station done in good faith. Thanks, grace. (Root of our word charity) |
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| beauty and the greeks' belief that beauty and and other values are linked. i.e. why paris gets away with all his pansy ass shit and no one listens to ugly Thersites when he makes a fantastic point. |
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| justice or verdict, not necessarily linked to any sense of what's right or wrong, merely what is decreed. Custom. |
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| familial or platonic love. Your philoi are the members of your house or close friends for whom you feel philial love. (Achilles and Patroclus, maybe) |
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| recklessness. Odysseus is reckless...? |
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| cowardly. DO NOT BE THIS! PARIS = deilia when he tries to avoid fighting Menelaus. |
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| eris = strife, the rest all kind of mean strife/abuse negative connotation. lôbê = abuse |
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| excessive personal gain. Manipulating an exchange or custom for your own advantage or profit. Agamemnon, always. |
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| excessive confidence which leads to your own downfall. delusional thinking. Aggressive pride. |
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| household. Sometimes in opposition to the polis (Antigone) |
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| guest host relationships. exchange of gifts between host and xenos. diomedes and glaucus, odysseus and the phaikians. |
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| assembly. Where all citizens can vote on laws in athens. Who has rights to call an assembly? Issue comes up a lot in Iliad and Odyssey |
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| barbarian, someone who doesn't speak greek (like the Trojan allies) |
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| rigorous education system for young men in Sparta. Implemented by Lycurgus during his reforms. |
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| equals/peers in Sparta. Warrior class. 300 of finest warriors. Trained by agoge system. |
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| unfree class in sparta. serf/messinia |
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| leader or general. Like Themistocles or Pericles. |
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| chief magistrate in Athens. Position was held for a year. 9 elected from upper class. Solon was one. |
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| governing council w/ 500 members in athens, chosen from each of the ten tribes divided up through 30 demes. Also means "will" as in Dios Boulê |
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| grasp at someone's knees or chin in an attempt to earn mercy or pity. Lycaon supplicates to Achilles and fails. |
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| An offering to the gods in return for their favor. Agamemnon & Iphigenia -> Shit goes down. |
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| spartan tradition. phitidia = eating clubs. encouraged equality and moderation. Social divides around phitidia. Used as a means to discipline and train young men. |
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| funeral pyres & games (for very important people). Days of mourning, the more important you were, the longer people mourned. Mandatory mourning when spartan kings die. |
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| Shows an oral storytelling tradition. Important to the plotline of the odyssey. Stories told by bards (aoidos) who were highly trained. Used formulaic blocks of texts. Similes & epithets. |
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| Linear B/Phoenician Alphabet |
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| beginnings of writing. Quick evolution from basic alphabet and writing system to complexity of Iliad. Revamp of entire writing system after the "dark ages" |
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| Oracle of Apollo at Delphi. Navel of the world. Very, very important greek site. Leaders would bring gifts & ask it questions. |
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| Battle of Marathon/Thermopylae/Salamis |
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| very political theater competition. approx 17,000 attendees seated by tribe. All actors men. Parade of orphan children. Euripides, Aeschylus & Sophocles were two of the major playwrights. |
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| Athenian property classes |
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| Greek hero of the Iliad. Leader of the Myrmidons, son of Thetis and Peleus. Chooses a short life with kleos over a long uneventful life. |
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| Leader of the Achaen expedition to Troy. Son of Atreus, brother of Menelaus, Husband of clytemnestra, father of orestes, iphigenia, electra. King of the Argives. Has lots of wealth/timê but poor leadership skills. Kills Iphigenia, is killed by clytemnestra. |
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| Ugly man who speaks out against the reasons for being at Troy and the backwards system of leadership. Is not listened to in part because he is ugly and lacks kallos. |
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| epitome of Kallos. Stolen from Menelaus by Paris. She's the whole fucking reason for the Trojan War |
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| little bitch. Shows kallos b/c he gets away with shit just because he's pretty. Has no aidos. |
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| Bad ass trojan prince. Really good fighter, but a little reckless/overconfident as the epic goes on. Son of Priam, husband of Andromache, father of Astyanax. |
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| Name means man-battle. Wife of Hector. Tries to keep Hector from returning to war. |
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| Has a berserk moment in the 5th book. Son of Tydeus. Guest host exemplar w/ Glaucus. Can see the gods for a short while, injures Aphrodite. |
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| King of Troy. Has 50 sons. Convinces achilles to return Hector's body, acts as suppliant. |
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| Best fighter in the army behind achilles. Bulwark of the Achaeans. |
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| King of Ithaca. Goes to troy with his forces. Cunning. Loved by athena. HATED by Poseidon after he kills his son (cyclops) |
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| son of odysseus. tries to keep his household in order while the suitors take over in his father's absence. |
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| Odysseus' wife. Tricks suitors out of necessity. Odysseus' true equal => both are tricky and clever. |
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| the opposite of penelope because she gets pissed as hell when agamemnon sacrifices iphigenia at aulis. has affair with aigisthos who convinces her to kill agamemnon. is killed by orestes. fake ass bitch. |
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| Son of agamemnon and clytemnestra. Kills Clytemnestra and Aigisthos because apollo tells him he should and they kill agamemnon. Stands trial and is found innocent by Athena's vote. |
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| Lover of Clytemnestra, cousin of Agamemnon. Convinces Clytemnestra to kill Agamemnon. Accused of having the heart of a woman. |
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| Killed as sacrifice to Artemis before the Trojan war by Agamemnon. |
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| Puts in place major reforms to the social, political and educational structure of Sparta. "Decreed" by Oracle to be true. See sparta sheet for details. |
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| Told Croesus that he's an idiot and not lucky at all (which turned out to be true!). Archon of athens 594/3. |
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| King of Lydia. So unfortunate.... that poor man. Tries so hard to have a huge, successful empire and he just can't do it because he's too stupid and arrogant. Son killed after dream about death, killed accidentally by guest (Adrastus) when on boar hunt. |
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| OPPOSITE OF CROESUS. Comes from poverty, rises to power in athens. VERY good at deciphering oracles, which ends up saving the Athenians/Greeks at Salamis. |
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| Small number of Spartans fight the Persians at the Thermopylae pass and significantly slow them in their invasion of Greece. Used the geography to attack the massive persian force in small groups. Narrow pass, only a few can get through at a time. 300!!! |
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| Themistocles convinces the Greeks to make their stand at Salamis in a naval battle against the Persians. Greeks trick the Persians into attacking them at Salamis where the narrow channel and shallow waters renders the Persians superior numbers useless. Greeks win, leading to the Persians' eventual withdrawal from Greece. |
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| Athenians vs. Persians at Marathon. Ask for spartan reinforcements which are slow to arrive. Athenians charge the Persians ruthlessly, losing only 192 men to Persia's 6400. Persians retreat and try to attack athens by surprise, but the athenians have already returned to protect it. Persians retreat to Asia. |
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| Themistocles' main rival for power in athens. Was ostracized and returned. From a traditionally wealthy family & the "arist"ocracy. |
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| "Father of Athenian democracy". Helped reform the Athenian constitution in 508/7. Of the Alcmeonid family. Rose to power by promising the people control of the state. Divided people into 10 tribes, each with 3 sections from different parts of Attica. He did this to encourage mixing. Demes instead of father's name. Created ostracism votes. |
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| King of Persia, invaded Greece. Whipped the Hellespont, teehee. Symbol of eastern decadence, koros & effeminate men. Leader of Persia during Thermopylae and Salamis. |
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| Spartan King who led the Spartan forces in their defense of the pass of Thermopylae. Sent the rest of the forces away leaving just spartans, thebans, helots and thespians to fight to their death. |
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